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AIM: How does the Immune System work?

AIM: How does the Immune System work?. Do Now: List and describes the immune response. Active Defense. Primarily involve White Blood Cells (WBC’s) a . Phagocytes: engulf or ingest foreign invaders b. Lymphocytes : more specific in targeting invaders

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AIM: How does the Immune System work?

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  1. AIM: How does the Immune System work? Do Now: List and describes the immune response

  2. Active Defense Primarily involve White Blood Cells (WBC’s) a. Phagocytes:engulf or ingest foreign invaders b. Lymphocytes: more specific in targeting invaders 1. b cells: creates antibodies 2. helper T cells: coordinates response 3. T cells: killinfected cells

  3. Steps of Immune Response 1. Recognition Lymphocytes White blood cells called _______________ “patrol” the blood looking for pathogens. Pathogens are recognized/identified by their surface structures called ________________ antigens

  4. Steps of Immune Response 2. Antibody Production Once the pathogen is identified antibodies are produced which attach to the antigens on the pathogen to prevent__________________ spreading ofpathogen Antibodies are produced by the B-cells

  5. Steps of Immune Response 3. Destruction of Pathogen Once surrounded by antibodies the T-cells/Killer T-cells destroy the pathogen by engulfing it through the process of ___________________ Phagocytosis

  6. 4. Memory Memory B cells “remember” the antibodies needed to fight this particular pathogen in case of future invasion You are now IMMUNE to that pathogen

  7. There are 2 ways to Acquire Immunity Immunity that you gain during your life time a. Acquired b. Innate Immunity that your are born with due to genetics factors in your DNA

  8. Acquired Immunity a.) Active Immunity When you produce your own antibodies Types of Active Immunity Natural: When you are exposed to the pathogen and you body make the necessary antibodies Artificial: When you are Immunized which prompts your body to produce the antibodies Active immunities are permenant

  9. b.)Passive Immunity When you receive ready-made antibodies Types of Passive Immunity Natural: When you receive maternal antibodies from _________________________ breast milk during infancy Artificial: When you receive antibodies from another source usually through ________________ antibiotics Passive immunities are temporary

  10. Immunization The process in which an individual gains immunity against a specific pathogen due to the injection of a vaccine Vaccine A solution that contains a weakened form of a specific pathogen or dead form of a specific pathogen that is injected into the bloodstream to prompt an immune response

  11. Aim: How can the immune system malfunction?

  12. Do Now: • Describe how the flu vaccine protects the • human body. • In your answer be sure to: • Identify the substance in the flu vaccine that • stimulates immunity (1) • State how the human immune system reacts • to the vaccine (1) • State one reason the flu vaccine does not • protect from viral diseases such as measles. (1)

  13. Disorders of the Immune System • A.I.D.S: • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by HIV. • Human Immune Virus – the virus attacks the Killer T-cells, causing the body to be unable to fight disease. • Once infected, a person can be re-infected with a different strain

  14. 2.) Allergies • when the immune system causes an overreaction to an antigen • Results: increase production of histamines, which causes discomfort. • Histamines increase blood flow and fluids to surrounding areas causing sneezing, runny nose and other irritations. • Treatment - Antihistamines

  15. 3) Transplant Rejection When the body goes through the immune response process and “recognizes” a pathogen (the new organ), resulting in immune action. Results – the organ is destroyed by the person’s immune system

  16. Prevention • organ recipient is given immunosuppressant drugs. Side effects of immunosuppressant drugs: Person is vulnerable to other diseases due to lack of functioning immune system.

  17. AutoImmune Diseases When the body is unable to distinguish “itself”. Body actually begins to attack itself, causing damage to tissues leading to other malfunctions.

  18. Examples of AutoImmune Diseases • Multiple Sclerosis • Lupus • Juvenile diabetes • Arthritis • Cancer

  19. The presence of parasites in an animal will usually result in an increase in meiotic activity within structures of the host the inability of the host to maintain homeostasis the death of the host organism within twenty-four hours an increase in genetic mutation rate in the host organism

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