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GIS for Environmental Science

GIS for Environmental Science. ENSC 3603 Class 10 2/12/09. Today's Objectives. GPS review, Garmin GPS, Trimble Planning software Review questions for Exam 1. GPS. Global Positioning System. Consists of 24 satellites orbiting about 12,000 miles above the Earth. GPS.

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GIS for Environmental Science

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  1. GIS for Environmental Science ENSC 3603 Class 10 2/12/09

  2. Today's Objectives • GPS review, Garmin GPS, Trimble Planning software • Review questions for Exam 1

  3. GPS • Global Positioning System Consists of 24 satellites orbiting about 12,000 miles above the Earth

  4. GPS P Consists of 24 satellites orbiting about 12,000 miles above the Earth, and five ground stations to monitor and manage the satellite constellation. P Cost: 12 billion Dollars

  5. GPS Based on ground based navigation systems developed in the early 1940’s. Inspiration came for GPS as U.S. scientists notice the Doppler effect on the Soviet Sputinik in 1957. Reagan announced that the GPS system would be made available to the public when complete after the Soviets shot down airline KAL 007 with 267 people on board in 1983. 1994, complete constellation of 24 satellites was in orbit. 2000, “selective availability discontinued.

  6. GPS and Landsat satellites Earth Diameter 7,926 mi LS 570 mi GPS 12,000 mi www.jesseshunting.com/site/gps.html

  7. GPS 1- The basis of GPS is “triangulation” from satellites. 2- To “triangulate”, a GPS receiver measures distance using the travel time of radio signals 3- To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate timing which it achieves with some technology tricks. 4- Along with distance, you need to know exactly where the satellites are in space. High orbits and careful monitoring are essential. 5- Any delays the signal experiences as it travels through the atmosphere must be corrected. (www.trimble.com)

  8. GPS Peter H. Dana, Ph.D. http://wwwhost.cc.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html

  9. GPS Peter H. Dana, Ph.D. http://wwwhost.cc.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gif/difnav.gif

  10. GPS Errors Peter H. Dana, Ph.D. http://wwwhost.cc.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gif/gpserror.gif

  11. Sources of Real-Time DGPS U. S. Coast Guard Beacon Local FM Signals Satellite-Based Differential Corrections Purchase a Base Station

  12. Coast Guard Maritime Differential GPS Site Coverage for Arkansas U.S. CoastGuard http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/dgps/coverage/ark.htm

  13. OmniSTAR Satellite Regional Coverage http://www.omnistar.com/namerica.html

  14. GPS Accuracies and Costs Peter H. Dana, Ph.D. http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gif/gpsapps.gif PGeneral Navigation $100 to 1000 100m PDGPS $2500 to 5000 1m PL1 Carrier Phase Survey $10,000 0.1m PL1L2 Carrier Phase Survey $15,000 0.01m 1cm accuracy systems $30,000 0.001m

  15. GPS • Slide show at: • http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gps_f.html • http://www.trimble.com/gps/ this requires Shockwave and may not work on the lab computers at this time • Lo, 2002 p. 52

  16. GPS Garmin eTrex Legend Cx Owners manual PDF P http://www.garmin.com/manuals/972_OwnersManual.pdf

  17. P. 3

  18. P. 3

  19. Quit Menu P. 3

  20. P. 3

  21. Trimble Office, Planning Graphs, PDOP Sky Plot Satellites on 2/14/07 Satellite Selection Visibility GPS G04, 5, 6, 10,14, 24,30, World map http://www.trimble.com/planningsoftware.shtml

  22. Maps • A map's function is to communicate geographic information • Types • General - show locational or positional data. e.g. Atlas • Thematic – shows the structure and distribution of phenomena • Qualitative -depict different features with different symbols according to some attribute. e.g. Soil series maps • Quantitative - show differences in features' numeric attributes. e.g. Population density for each county in a state

  23. Review 1. What is a GIS? 2. Data is one of the four components of a GIS as an information System. Name the other three. 3. What kind of analysis would be best to create a land suitability map for agricultural development if you had information about soil, topography and land cover? a. Overlay analysis, b. Query, c. Network analysis, d. Proximity analysis 4. Conic is one of the three main types (categories) of projections. Name the other two. 5. A small scale map is best to represent the University of Arkansas main campus. a. True, b. False 6. The last phase of GIS development is Management. What are the other two phases? 7 ‘Surface’ is a type of GIS data. Name the other two types. 8. What is the purpose of a map projection? 9. What is a Coordinate system?

  24. Review 10. Why is the Universal Trasnsverse Mercator (UTM) a good coordinate system to use for Arkansas? 11. A ______________ data model treats geographic space as populated by discrete and identifiable objects. 12. A__________________ data model treats geographic space as populated by one or more spatial phenomena, which are real-world features that vary continuously over space with not specific extent. 13. A description of our view of the real world is a ________ __________. 14. Of the two common types of maps, a ___________ map shows locational or positional data while a_____________ map shows structure and distribution of phenomena. 15. What is a map’s function? 16. a) A _________________ is a spatial object with specific properties b) A _________________ is a description of 16a above. c) A _________________ is spatial association among the answer of 16a.

  25. Review 17. In Topological Overlay Operators for polygon on polygon: _________________ keeps all features in both layers _________________ Keeps only parts of the first layer falling within the second layer _________________ Cuts out a piece of the first layer based on the second, Cookie Cutter. 18. Points are one of the three vector data graphical elements (basic geometry types), name the other two? 19. The vector data graphical elements are also known as _______ _______ 20. In GIS spatial relationships, When neighboring polygons share a boundary it is called ___________________ The inclusion of one spatial object within another is called __________________ Linkages among spatial objects is called ____________________

  26. Review 21. A pixel or _________is the smallest unit of information available in an image or raster map. 22. One image compression technique is called quad tree, name another technique. 23. Raster data model is best for a) Topology b) Precision if graphics c) Continuous space d) a and c 24. Vector data model is best for a) Traditional cartography b) Topology c) Continuous space d) a and b

  27. Review 25. Of the ArcGIS component applications: ArcCatalog, ArcMap and ArcToolbox, which application is best used to display, edit and query geographic data on maps ( Circle one) ? 26. A ______________ system includes a spheroid, datum, projection and units. 27.While working with feature attribute tables, when fields from one table are appended to another table it is called a ____________(choose one: join, relate)? 28.Selecting features based on their location is called a ___________(choose one: spatial query, attribute query). 29. What kind of analysis would you perform if you where looking for locations with a beautiful view? 30.The geodatabase data model of ArcGIS 9.3 is and example of a __________-___________ data model. 31. Network, Object-Relational and Hierarchical data models are examples of a ___________ data model (choose one: Conceptual, or Logical ).

  28. Review 32. A collection of persistent data stored in a DBMS so it can be shared and used by different users in an organization is a__________________________? 33. A geometric distortion of remote sensing involving the rotation of an aircraft that causes a wing-up or wing-down attitude is a ___________________? 34. Name two things you can learn from a classification histogram. 35. What are the two most important factors to consider when choosing a map projection? 36. The rate of change on a topographic surface (rise over run) is _________. 37. In surveying, an_____________ uses two distances and right angle. 38. A ___________is an abstract representation of some real thing. 39. What is Geographic Data? 40. When would you use the vector data model versus the raster data model? 41. To “triangulate, a GPS receiver measures distance using laser light between Satellites and your GPS receiver.

  29. Exam Next Tuesday the 17th • Look at class notes, first quiz, chapters in Lo, ESRI tutorial review for each lesson through module 4. • Module 5 is due February 19th.

  30. “Facts can be ignored but we cannot escape there consequences. If the facts don’t matter, this means that the people who are going to have to pay those consequences don’t matter.” Thomas Sowell

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