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Radiation Energy transferred by Electromagnetic Waves

Radiation Energy transferred by Electromagnetic Waves. X-Rays. Visible. Radio. UV. VIOLET. RED. IR. WAVELENGTH. LOWER. HIGHER. FREQUENCY. HIGHER. LOWER. PROPERTIES OF RADIATION. FIRST RULE: The higher the temperature, the more radiation an object will emit SECOND RULE:

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Radiation Energy transferred by Electromagnetic Waves

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  1. RadiationEnergy transferred by Electromagnetic Waves X-Rays Visible Radio UV VIOLET RED IR WAVELENGTH LOWER HIGHER FREQUENCY HIGHER LOWER

  2. PROPERTIES OF RADIATION • FIRST RULE: • The higher the temperature, the more radiation an object will emit • SECOND RULE: • The higher the temperature, the more the peak radiation will be at lowerwavelengths (higher frequencies, higher energy)

  3. PROPERTIES OF RADIATION • Examples: • Sun: 10,000°F (solar, shortwave radiation) • lots of radiation; • peak radiation in visiblerange • Earth: 60°F (terrestrial, longwave radiation) • some radiation; • peak radiation in infraredrange

  4. Amount of radiation LOWER HIGHER Wavelength Sun 10,000°F Earth 60°F VISIBLE INFRARED

  5. Our Sun Seen from Space

  6. Our Sun Seen from Space

  7. Solar Energy Thus, our Sun emits radiation (energy) towards all directions. Eventually (8 minutes) that solar radiation (shortwave energy) reaches our planet.

  8. SOLAR RADIATION • Not all parts of Earth receive the same amounts of radiation • Reason? • Sun Angle varies

  9. SOLAR RADIATION & EARTH’S SEASONS

  10. SOLAR RADIATION & THE SEASONS Combine Sun Angle And Tilt

  11. EARTH’S SEASONS

  12. LAND OF THE MIDNIGHT SUN

  13. EARTH’S ENERGY BUDGET • Energy from the Sun reaches the top of Earth’s atmosphere • Does all of it reach the surface? • NO • Ozone absorbs UV • Other gases scatter, absorb, reflect other types of radiation • Clouds • Still, a lot of radiation (energy) reaches the surface of our planet.

  14. EARTH’S ENERGY BUDGET • So, what happens at the surface? Is all of the energy that reaches the surface of Earth absorbed? • NO • ALBEDO OF EARTH: 30% of the energy that reaches the surface is reflected. Why?

  15. Incoming Solar Radiation Amount of radiation EQUATOR NORTH POLE SOUTH POLE Most of the incoming solar radiation reaches the Tropics BECAUSE OF THE EARTH’S TILT

  16. TERRESTRIAL RADIATION • Amount of terrestrial radiation emitted from Earth’s surface and atmosphere is dependent on temperature • More terrestrial radiation emitted near equator (warmer) • Less terrestrial radiation emitted near poles (colder)

  17. Incoming Solar Outgoing Terrestrial Amount of radiation EQUATOR NORTH POLE SOUTH POLE

  18. Earth’s Annual Energy Budget

  19. EARTH’S ENERGY BUDGET • Because of the differences in incoming/outgoing radiation on the Earth, we have an energy imbalance between the polar regions and the Tropics. • So… winds and ocean currents exist to transport heat from the equator to the poles. TO CREATE AN ENERGY BALANCE

  20. Incoming Solar Surplus (net warming) Outgoing Terrestrial Deficit (net cooling) Amount of radiation WIND & OCEAN CURRENTS TRANSPORT HEAT TO POLES EQUATOR NORTH POLE SOUTH POLE

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