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Gender Issues in the Practice of Psychology

Gender Issues in the Practice of Psychology. By: Hannah Harris and Sarah Shadi. Key Terms. Sex “either the male or female division of a species, especially as differentiated with reference to the reproductive functions” (www.dictionary.com) Gender

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Gender Issues in the Practice of Psychology

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  1. Gender Issues in the Practice of Psychology By: Hannah Harris and Sarah Shadi

  2. Key Terms • Sex • “either the male or female division of a species, especially as differentiated with reference to the reproductive functions” (www.dictionary.com) • Gender • The concept of maleness or femaleness that is basic to all social interactions. Includes: • Physical characteristics • Social behaviors • Characteristic self-image • Psychological tendencies • Behavioral tendencies • Abilities that allow us to differentiate between men and women

  3. More Key Terms • Gender Roles • The behaviors of an individual based on their part as a social actor • Includes patterns of behavior approved by society based on an individual’s sex “While sex is ascribed at birth, gender is achieved and accepted through successful accomplishment of developmental tasks.” (http://www.uakron.edu/witt/flsp/note3.htm)

  4. Harvard Sailing Team • http://youtu.be/gspaoaecNAg • Why is this so funny? • What does it say about stereotypes and gender roles?

  5. How do you react to these statements? • Most truckers are male and most nurses are female • We refer to women as cooks and men as chefs • The primary caregiving usually falls to women • Men make more money than women for the same work • Men are prone to aggressive, assertive, inexpressive actions while women are prone to passive, expressive ones Can you name some other common stereotypes? Think Disney Movies…

  6. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ImElo46LhLw/TRBbkoIa1eI/AAAAAAAAAVY/OJqM1BXe3zw/s1600/Disney-Princesses.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ImElo46LhLw/TRBbkoIa1eI/AAAAAAAAAVY/OJqM1BXe3zw/s1600/Disney-Princesses.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_We2a3kqZbm0/S4hmSiDn0gI/AAAAAAAAAHk/4KdyW57qvSs/s320/Disney-Men-leading-men-of-disney-6135721-600-303.jpg

  7. Positive Advertising for Women- VIDEO • http://youtu.be/tnKT2tVlMto?t=8s GUT REACTIONS? Do you see a problem here?

  8. Why do stereotypes persist? • History • Throughout history there have been times when women were said to be better than men. At other times men were said to be better than women. Both are wrong. • Research’s Emphasis on Difference • The idea that because we are not looking for similarities, we will not find similarities. • The Allure of Oversimplification • Complexity is hard while simplicity is easy. So, we categorize and make judgments based on that categorization.

  9. Biology vs. Culture Biology Argument Culture Argument We learn gender appropriate behaviors from those around us. Conventional wisdoms: Women are weak because they consistently did not perform tasks as physically demanding as men Women are verbal and scheming because men have afforded themselves the social, political and economic resources Women have to align themselves with a powerful man to achieve Women are nurturing because they have been delegated nurturing responsibilities. • We are predetermined to behave in appropriate fashion. • Relies on the following concepts: • Musculature: women are physically weaker than men • Brain function: women are more verbal whereas men are more oriented to actions • Style: women are more diplomatic while men are more direct • Affection: women are more nurturing while men are more instrumental/task oriented

  10. Differences in Working with Men and Women in American Culture • Typical Stressors on Men and Women • Typical Coping Strategies • Typical Patterns of Psychopathology

  11. MEN!!! Typical Stressors • Not meeting the expectations for superior physical strength, intellect, or sexual performance

  12. MEN!!! Typical Coping Strategies • Putting on the “tough guy” image • Keeping their feelings inside • Releasing stress through activities • Ex: Sports • Actively attempting to solve the problem • Denial • Abusing drugs or alcohol or any other form of attempting to control the problem

  13. MEN!!! Typical Patterns of Psychopathology • Externalizing Disorders: Negative outward behavior as opposed to internal negative emotions • Substance Abuse • Hallucinations, blackouts, physical dependency, job loss, divorce, arrests, organ and brain damage, financial debt • Antisocial Behavior • Impaired interpersonal relationships

  14. Male Gender Under Construction- VIDEO • http://youtu.be/77t1hAqkeaw?t=10s Do you agree or disagree? Think back to last week’s articles…

  15. WOMEN!!! Typical Stressors • Being expected to meet the demands of a number of roles at the same time leads to stressful prioritizing. • These roles include: wife, mother, homemaker, employee and/or caregiver for elderly parents • Women are frequently given jobs with less autonomy and/or creativity which leads to decreased job satisfaction. • Caring for others and forming meaningful relationships becomes stressful when that person is not doing well physically and/or emotionally. • Victimization, Assertiveness and Physical unattractiveness

  16. WOMEN!!! Typical Coping Strategies • Seeking social support • Expressing feelings • Finding distractions Examples: praying, worrying, venting, getting advice, doing things not related to the problem

  17. WOMEN!!! Typical Patterns of Psychopathology • Internalizing disorders: negative inner emotions as opposed to outward negative behavior • Depression • Anxiety • Symptoms seen may include: • Sadness • Sense of loss, helplessness, hopelessness • Doubt about one’s ability to handle problems, high levels of worry or nervousness • Poor self-esteem • Guilt, self-reproach and self-blame • Decreased energy, motivation, interest in life or concentration • Problems with sleep or appetite

  18. Gender Roles Interviews with Kids- VIDEO • http://youtu.be/pWc1e3Nbc2g Does it bother you that this is how children view gender roles? Think about our previous discussion about Disney movies…

  19. Gender Issues Across The Globe “Traditional male and female behavior in American culture is not traditional in other cultures, showing us that “feminine” and “masculine” behaviors are culturally affected” (http://www3.uakron.edu/witt/flsp/note3.htm)

  20. Gender Issues Across the Globe • Europe - http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/new-european-convention-defines-gender-as-social-construct/ • Middle East • Africa – www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15350599 • Asia - http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20110127000111&cid=1103 What do you know about gender roles across different cultures? What do you still have to learn?

  21. QUESTIONS???

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