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Assessing Needs

Assessing Needs. FCS 5155 Fall 2008. Educational side Content (preassessment) Learning styles Motivational Use of theories. Business side Marketing your services -Four P’s of marketing. Phase 1: Assess Needs. Kolb’s Model of Learning Styles. Sensing/feeling. Dynamic learners.

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Assessing Needs

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  1. Assessing Needs FCS 5155 Fall 2008

  2. Educational side Content (preassessment) Learning styles Motivational Use of theories Business side Marketing your services -Four P’s of marketing Phase 1: Assess Needs Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  3. Kolb’s Model of Learning Styles Sensing/feeling Dynamic learners Imaginative learners Doing Watching Common sense learners Analytic learners Thinking

  4. Kolb’s Thoughts of Effective Teaching • Self-assessment of prior knowledge • Presentation of new information • Activity time • Apply knowledge through goal setting Kolb, 1984

  5. What is a theory? • Your thoughts • Conceptual model or a mental map representing how potential mediators influence behavior or behavior change. Contento, 2007

  6. Why use theories? • Simplifies reality • Predicts the future under certain circumstances • Describes how something works • Must be expressed as a statement, though. Contento, 2007

  7. What a theory is NOT • Concept • Construct or key concept • Variable • Model Contento, 2007

  8. Types of theories • Everyday • Practice • Scientific • Nutrition education Contento, 2007

  9. Select Theories and Models • Knowledge-attitude-behavior model • Learning theories • Motivational theories • Counseling theories • Community change Burns, 2005

  10. Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior Model (KAB) • Emphasizes ‘how-to’ or ‘skills’ information • Instrumental knowledge vs. information • Appropriate uses? Contento, 2007

  11. Learning Theories • Behavioral learning theory • Cognitive learning • Social cognitive learning • Adult learning (andragogy) Burns, 2007

  12. Behavioral Learning • Explanations of learning that are limited almost exclusively to observable changes in behavior, with emphasis on the effects of external events on the individual • Learning includes the stimulus, a response, and a reinforcer. Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  13. Reinforcers • Positive reinforcers • Negative reinforcers/escapes • Punishers • Extinction • Educator’s role Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  14. Cognitive Theories • Explanations of learning that focus on internal, unobservable mental processes that people use to learn and remember new knowledge or skills • More of an active approach with the learner’s views shared and valued Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  15. Social Cognitive Theory • Includes the interactions among behavior, personal factors called cognitions, and the environment • Focus is on target behavior rather than knowledge or attitudes • Educators can ‘model’ the behavior through hands-on activities Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  16. Knowles’ Androgagy • Need to know • Self-concept • Expanding experiences • Readiness to learn • Problem-centered • Adult motivation Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  17. Motivational Theories • Health Belief Model • Theory of Reasoned Action • Stages of Change • Social Marketing Burns, 2007

  18. Health Belief Model • Perceived susceptibility • Perceived severity • Perceived benefits • Perceived barriers • Self-efficacy Contento, 2007

  19. Theory of Reasoned Action • Developed by Ajzen and Fishbein • Predicts a person’s intention to perform a behavior in a well-defined setting • Intentions are influenced by individual attitudes and subjective norms Contento, 2007

  20. Stages of Change • Developed by Prochaska and DiClemente • Founded on three assumptions: • Behavior change is not linear • Common stages among health behaviors • Tailor program to stage Contento, 2007

  21. Stages of Change • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance Contento, 2007

  22. Social Marketing • Incorporates the use of marketing concepts and tools to increase the acceptability of social ideas or practices Boyle & Holben, 2006

  23. Counseling Theories • Non-directive (client-centered) • Dr. Carl Rogers • Non-judgmental counselor • Supportive, threat-free environment • Counselor will help client “grow” Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  24. Counseling Theories • Directive • Based on assumption that behaviors are learned • Counselor more active than passive • Not the most favorable approach in nutrition counseling Holli, Calabrese, & Maillet, 2003

  25. Community Change • Social Planning • Diffusion of Innovations Theory • Stages of Change Contento, 2007

  26. Applications for use • Using the shared theory folders, develop an annotated list of applications for one of the theories presented. What behaviors were changed? Burns, 2007

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