Philosophy Test #1 Revision

1. Philosophy Test #1 Revision Let the games begin...

2. Identify the following: • Your room is messy • The shape of the earth is close to the shape of a sphere • The moon is made of cheese • The number 5 is a prime number • Capital punishment is never justified • STATEMENTS/PROPOSITIONS which are...

3. Argument • Break the following statement into its partsCapital punishment should not be used because wrongly convicted people will be executed by mistake and this is unacceptable. • P1 – If cp used, then wrongly convicted people will be executed by mistake • P2 – The execution of wrongly convicted people is totally unacceptable • C – Capital punishment should not be used.

4. Most common premise-indicators • since • Because • Given than • Assuming that • Inasmuch as • For the reason that

5. Most common conclusion indicators • Therefore • Hence • Thus • So • Consequently • It follows that • We may infer that • We may conclude that

6. Examples of Arguments? • If it’s been raining then the ground would be wet. It has been raining. Thus, the ground is wet.  • P P C • John must be a liberal. Anyone who protested the Gulf War must be a liberal and John was a protester of that war.  • C P P

7. I was late to class because I couldn’t find a parking space.  • President Bush lied about the weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. He also pushed through his tax cuts to reward his wealthy supporters. 

8. Deductive Arguments • Usually in the form of a SYLLOGISM – 3 lines • P1 – All men are mortal. • P2 – Socrates is a man. • C - Socrates is mortal. • P1 – A stone is a substance. • P2 – You are a substance. • C – You are a stone.

9. Inductive Arguments • Conclusion probably true, given that premise is true. • In a survey of all 983 students at Spencer H.S., approximately 95 percent responded that they believe in the existence of an absolute spirit. • Graydon is a student at Spencer H.S. • Graydon believes in the existance of a absolute spirit.