Conventions: Sentence Types & Variety

1. Conventions:Sentence Types & Variety "Variety is the very spice of life that gives it all its flavour." -William Cowper

2. The beauty of opening a new box of crayons is viewing the varied spray of motley colors. A reader should feel the same excitement when reading a piece of writing. Recognizing and applying the use of sentence variation is key to enhancing student writing and adding to its freshness of expression.

3. Overview PART I • Types of Sentences • Declarative • Interrogative • Imperative • Exclamatory PART II • Variety • Simple • Compound • Complex • Compound-Complex

4. PART I Types of Sentences

5. Types of Sentences DECLARATIVE A declarative sentence makes a statement. Place a period (.) at the end of declarative sentences. Example: 1.) Miriam Colon Founded the Puerto Rican Traveling Theatre. 2.) Curiosity is the beginning of knowledge. 3.) Lana wondered why the sky looked blue.

6. Types of Sentences INTERROGATIVE An interrogative sentence asks a question. Use a question mark (?) to signal an interrogative sentence. Often we begin an interrogative sentence with special words such as what, who, when, which, how, why, or where. Example: 1.) What do you know about glaciers? 2.) Was the game exciting? 3.) How do diamonds form?

7. Types of Sentences An imperative sentence states a command. The person making statement is ordering someone to do something. Because an imperative sentence is a form of statement, it uses a period (.). Example: 1.) John, please close the door. (request) 2.) Do your homework each night. (command) 3.) Stop her! (strong command) IMPERATIVE

8. Types of Sentences An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong emotion such as surprise, excitement, or anger. Use an exclamatory mark (!) at the end of exclamations. Example: 1.) What a sight the sunset is! 2.) How thoughtful Tim was to rake the leaves! 3.) Sarah won the VCR! EXCLAMATORY

9. Types of SentencesNow You try… Directions: Add the punctuation to the sentence and then write whether each sentence is declarative (DEC), interrogative (INT), imperative (IMP), or exclamatory (EXC). 1.) Will you swim in the Atlantic Ocean__ _____ 2.) Oh no, the waves are too rough this time of year__ _____ 3.) I will swim in the pool instead__ _____ 4.) Put sun block on before you go in the pool__ _____ INT ? ! EXC DEC . IMP .

10. Review: PART IQuestion and Answer 1.) What are the four types of sentences? ________________________________________ 2.) An __________ sentence expresses a strong emotion such as surprise, excitement, or anger. 3.) An __________ sentence makes a statement. 4.) An __________ sentence asks a question. 5.) An __________ sentence states a command. declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory exclamatory declarative interrogative imperative

11. Types of SentencesStudent Activity Directions: 1.) Now take out a sheet of notebook paper and a pen. 2.) Write two original sentences for each of the four types. 3.) Make sure to use the word choice skills practiced in the previous lesson. (Do not use “dead” words! Use “spicy” words and “tasty” transitions!)

12. PART II Sentence Variety

13. Sentence Variety A simple sentence contains one subject and one verb. In a simple sentence there may be a compound subject (more than one noun in the subject) and/or a compound verb (more than one verb in the predicate). Example: 1.) Alfred grabbed his ticket and ran for the train. 2.) We drove in and parked the car in the first space. SIMPLE

14. Sentence Variety A sentence made up of two or more main clauses that are connected by a coordinate conjunction (and, but, or, yet, so, for) is called a compound sentence. A compound sentence contains two simple sentences. Example: 1.) Estelle left early, but she arrived home late. 2.) Tim made the salad, and Jan grilled the fish. COMPOUND

15. Sentence Variety A complex sentence is formed when an independent clause, which can stand alone as a sentence, is combined with one or more dependent clauses, which cann0t stand alone. Example: 1.) You should wait to start the movie until I finish the dishes. 2.) Because both men were considered dangerous, the police officers immediately handcuffed them. COMPLEX

16. Sentence Variety A compound sentence has two independent clauses. A complex sentence has one independent clause and two or more dependent clauses. A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Example: 1.) If Betty would like to stay over, we could fix up the guest room for her, and the noise from the children wouldn’t wake her in the morning. 2.) Jon cleaned the bathroom, and Dad straightened up the house before the company came. COMPOUND-COMPLEX

17. Sentence VarietyNow you try… Directions: Write “S” for simple, “C” for compound, “CX” for complex, or “CC” for compound-complex. 1.) Donna likes chunky peanut butter, but Rochelle and Christabel like theirs smooth. _____ 2.) You should wait to start the movie until I finish the dishes. _____ 3.) Angrily tearing up the letter, Raul threw the pieces into the fireplace and stirred up the fire. _____ 4.) After the school year was over, Jack had time on his hands, so he started a lawn service. _____ C CX S CC

18. Review: PART IIQuestion and Answer 1.) What are the four varieties of sentences? ________________________________________________ 2.) A _______________ sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. 3.) A _______________ sentence contains two simple sentences. 4.) A _______________ sentence contains one subject and one verb. 5.) A _______________ sentence is formed when an independent clause, which can stand alone as a sentence, is combined with one or more dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone. simple, compound, complex, compound-complex compound-complex compound simple complex

19. Sentence Variety Student Activity Directions: 1.) Now take out a sheet of notebook paper and a pen. 2.) Write two original sentences for each of the four varieties. 3.) Make sure to use the word choice skills practiced in the previous lesson. (Do not use “dead” words! Use “spicy” words and “tasty” transitions!)