Sleep Deprivation, Exercise, and Anxiety

1. Sleep Deprivation, Exercise, and Anxiety Erik Manke October 3, 2014

2. Prank your Friends! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUPveZimopc

3. What is sleep deprivation? • AASM • <7-8 hours for adults • 20% adults deprived • Cognitive Effects • Irritability, lack of motivation, anxiety, depression, ƒLack of concentration, Attention deficits, Reduced vigilance, Longer reaction times, Distractibility, Lack of energy, Fatigue, Restlessness, Lack of coordination, Poor decisions, Increased errors, Forgetfulness

4. Why should you sleep? • WebMD list • Decreased alertness • Memory Impairment • Stress • Heart Issues • Stroke • Depression • Obesity • Poor Quality of life

5. Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) • Very rare autosomal dominant disease • Mutated PrP in brain • Onset 18-60 1) Insomnia, phobias, and paranoia 2) Hallucinations 3) Drastic weight loss 4) Dementia and death -process over only 18 months

6. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) • Plaques • Beta-amyloid • Tangles • Tau • Symptoms • Disorientation, mood changes, learning deficits, irritability, memory loss (short-term), depression, loss of inhibitions, sleep-wake cycle shifts

7. Sleep Deprivation and Cognition • Alkadhi et al 2013 • Restoration of brain metabolism • Absence of sensory • Allow memory consolidation • Hippocampus • Humans and animals differ • Correlate to size and metabolic rate

8. Sleep and the Hippocampus • Excitatory Synaptic Transmission • NMDA-R signalling • Overall hippocampal activity increases • Both pre- and post-learning

9. Sleep Cycle • NREM • Hippocampus and cortex synchronization • Memory Connection • REM • Hippocampus and cortex disconnect • Local NMDA activity • Memory Integration

10. Sleep Deprivation Models • Forced Activity • Gentle Handling • Head Lifting • Enlarged Environment • Modified Multiple Platform Technique

11. Forced Activity

12. Gentle Handling

13. Head Lifting

14. Enlarged Environment

15. Modified Multiple Platform Technique

16. Anxiety and Sleep Deprivation

17. Short Term Memory-Water Maze

19. Cognition Related Brain Signaling Molecules

20. Counteracting Sleep Deprivation • Nicotine • Caffeine • Exercise

21. Exercise and Alzheimer’s Disease • Hosseinzadeh et al 2013 • Homocysteine (Hcy) • Oxidative stressor • Derived from methionine • Lack of physical activity • Dorsal hippocampus • Measure TBARS and SOD

22. Cognitive Benefits of Exercise • Hippocampal dentate gyrus • Glu increased • GABA decreased • NO release • Ach release

23. Shuttle Box Test • Passive avoidance test • Test learning and cognitive function • Dark/Light chamber • Shock Administration • Measure time for avoidance

25. ThiobarbituricAcid Reactive Substances (TBARS)

27. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

29. Exercise and Sleep Restriction • Zielinski et al 2013 • Anxiety and memory • Most studies severe • Chronic-moderate sleep deprivation • Sleep deprivation=Bad • Exercise=Good

30. Elevated Plus Maze

32. Morris Water Maze

35. Hippocampal c-Fos Measure

38. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)

41. Take Home Messages • Exercise positively correlates with proper hippocampus function • Improve memory and learning • Sleep deprivation negatively correlates with proper hippocampus function • Decrease memory and learning • Exercise has anxiolytic effects but can be decreased by sleep deprevation

42. Take Home Messages (cont.) • Exercise can reduce the effects of Alzheimer’s disease • Reduction of oxidative stress • Decrease SOD levels and increase TBARS levels • Learning and memory decreased from AD • Mirrored effects of Hcy in rat brain • Rescued by exercise

43. Take Home Messages (cont.) • Effects of sleep deprivation can be rescued • Caffeine, nicotine, and exercise

44. Take Home Messages (final)