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Weight Management Basics

Weight Management Basics. 55% of American adults are overweight 22% of American adults are obese One of the most serious and widespread challenges to health and wellness in the United States. Health Risks of Obesity. Major risk factor for heart disease

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Weight Management Basics

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  1. Weight Management Basics • 55% of American adults are overweight • 22% of American adults are obese • One of the most serious and widespread challenges to health and wellness in the United States

  2. Health Risks of Obesity • Major risk factor for heart disease • Increased risk of CVD, hypertension, gallbladder disease, diabetes • Associated with certain types of cancer • Complications in pregnancy • Respiratory problems • Joint disease Image source: http://www.orthohelp.com/

  3. Increased Risk of High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy • First pregnancy in women under age 17 or over age 35. • A family history of high blood pressure. • Pregnancy with twins or triplets. • Poor diets during pregnancy. • Overweight or obese. • Smokers. • Other health problems, such as blood vessel conditions, kidney disease, diabetes, etc.

  4. Factors Influencing Obesity • Genetic • genesinfluence body size and shape, body fat distribution, and metabolic rate • Environmental • lifestyle choices • Metabolism and energy balance • energy in (as food) versus energy out (resting metabolism, energy to digest food, physical activity)

  5. Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) • RMR accounts for 55-75% of daily energy expenditure • Affected by • heredity and environment • gender • lifestyle • Exercise increases RMR

  6. Other Explanations for Overweight • Weight cycling • Restrained eating leading to overeating (binge eating) • Psychological, social, cultural factors Image source: www.yoyodave.com/

  7. Changing Your Energy Balance • For weight loss, a negative calorie balance must be created by expending more calories than are consumed • Increasing physical activity increases calories expended • Changing diet can decrease calories consumed

  8. Dietary Guidelines for Weight Management • Control consumption of calories, fat, sugar, protein • Monitor portion sizes • Increase intake of complex carbohydrates • Develop regular eating habits

  9. 1 Scone (7¾ oz) 700 calories 1½ oz (dry weight) oatmeal with peaches 170 cal English muffin with jam 150 cal Cherries 80 cal Corn flakes with banana 160 cal 2 slices light toast w/marmalade 100 cal Orange & pineapple 40 cal TOTAL = 700 calories Equal Calories Different Portions Shapiro, H. M. (2000)

  10. Equal Calories Different Portions 700 calories Source: Dr. Shapiro’s Perfect Weight Loss (2000) 700 calories

  11. Lifestyle Factors • Diet and eating habits • Physical activity and exercise • regular physical activity • Thoughts and emotions • positive self-image • Coping strategies • dealing with the stresses and challenges of life

  12. Strategies for Weight Management • Doing it alone • Diet books • Diet aids • Commercial programs • Prescription drugs • Surgery • Psychotherapy Image source: http://liposuction.ccr.net/

  13. Body Image • Picture of the body as seen through the mind’s eye • Negative body image can cause significant psychological distress • Eating disorders characterized by dissatisfaction with body image and body weight • anorexia nervosa • bulimia nervosa • binge-eating disorder ad #564 from Gucci's "Sponsor Starving Models by Buying our Clothes" advertising campaign. Image source: http://www.about-face.org/

  14. Anorexia Nervosa • In January 1983 thirty-two-year-old singer Karen Carpenter died as a result of complications from anorexia nervosa. Her death made the eating disorder well known to the American public. http://www.hotshotdigital.com/tribute/KarenCarpenter.html

  15. Bulimia Nervosa • Purging Type: Individual regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to lose weight • Nonpurging Type: Individual uses compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but is not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to lose weight. http://www.mentalhealth.com/

  16. Bulimia Facts • Five million Americans suffer from eating disorders. • Twenty-eight percent of bulimia cases are first diagnosed during dental examinations. • Fifteen percent of young women have substantially disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. • Two to three percent of adolescent women develop bulimia.

  17. Binge-Eating Disorder Individuals with serious binge eating problems often • feel their eating is out of control • eat what most people would think is an unusually large amount of food • eat much more quickly than usual during binge episodes eat until so full they are uncomfortable

  18. Binge-Eating Disorder • eat large amounts of food, even when they are not really hungry • eat alone because they are embarrassed about the amount of food they eat • feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating.

  19. Guidelines for Healthy Weight Management • Assess motivation and commitment • Set reasonable goals • Assess current energy balance • Increase level of physical activity • Make changes in diet and eating habits • Put plan into action Image source: www.handsofwoman.com/

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