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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Mental Illness and Abnormal Behavior. Information. Reminders: NEXT TUESDAY LATE START!! Auditorium 7:15 a.m. FINAL PAYMENT DUE NEXT FRIDAY (25 th ) THIS WEEK: Night Review TONIGHT 5 – 8 p.m. Chapters 4 – 7 Lunch Review Thursday Chapters 8, 9

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Mental Illness and Abnormal Behavior

  2. Information • Reminders: • NEXT TUESDAY LATE START!! Auditorium 7:15 a.m. • FINAL PAYMENT DUE NEXT FRIDAY (25th) • THIS WEEK: • Night Review TONIGHT 5 – 8 p.m. Chapters 4 – 7 • Lunch Review Thursday Chapters 8, 9 • Psych Bowl Review Thursday 2:30 – 3:30 • CCN Chapter 14 Part II – DUE THURSDAY • Psych Bowl Review Friday 2:30 – 4:00 • Psych Bowl SATURDAY 8:45 – 12:00 BE ON TIME! • Check In • Davis High Auditorium • Bring Paper/Pencil/Pen

  3. What is Abnormal? A. It depends on who is being asked. Society: What behaviors and mental processes are socially appropriate? How does this definition change over time? Law/Insanity/Punishment Individual: What do you believe is “normal”? How does that affect the way you think/behave? How does your own definition affect the way you view others? Mental Health Professionals: a. ATYPICAL: When people’s perception of reality is distorted. b. MALADAPTIVE: Their ability to cope with life’s demands is impaired c. DISTURBING: They are a danger to themselves or others. They feel discomfort severe enough to be harmful. d. UNJUSTIFIABLE Not the result of a significant life change.

  4. Categorical Approach DSM – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual • Axis I • (periods of health/illness) • Axis II • (personality disorders/developmental disorders – ongoing/pervasive) Mental Illnesses Divided into: Categories – broad descriptions of range of symptoms Specific Illnesses Symptoms Diagnosis/Label

  5. Dimensional Approach Mental Illnesses not labeled or categorized Individual’s behaviors or mental processes “scored” on a range from: Normal--------------Abnormal *Article Assignment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6bmZ8cVB4o

  6. Modern Theories • Current Theories of the Nature, Causes, and Treatment of Abnormal Behavior. *Use your hand gestures to remember most!   1. The Biological Model (also called the MEDICAL model): Mental Illness are PHYSICAL illnesses. Body Malfunctioning Cure Medically – medications (RX)/surgery/etc. 2. The Psychoanalytical Model: Mental illnesses result from UNCONSCIOUS conflict. • Analyze fixations, repressed memories, defense mechanisms to cure • “Peel” back the layers to get to the root of the problem 3. The Cognitive-Behavioral Model: Mental illness is the result of LEARNED (behavioral) maladaptive (unhealthy) ways of thinking (cognitive) • Treat by LEARNING new ways of THINKING and BEHAVING

  7. Modern Theories Continued • The Diathesis Stress Model – Diathesis = Genetic Predisposition Stress = Sets off the diathesis *Explains why some develop major illnesses and some do not/Axis I • The Systems Theory –(Bio – Psycho – Social) Mental Illness is a combination of biological (medical), psychological (cognitive and behavioral) and social (interpersonal/environmental) factors

  8. Somatoform Disorders Somatoform Disorders.ppt

  9. AnxietyDisorders

  10. Anxiety Disorders • Read DSM classifications for major anxiety disorders and symptoms. • Alternate within group • As a “team” diagnose cases in notes

  11. Answers • Case A – PD • Case B – GA • Case C – Specific Phobia • Case D – OCD • Case E – Panic with Agoraphobia • Case F – Social Phobia

  12. Information • Reminders: • NEXT TUESDAY LATE START!! Auditorium 7:15 a.m. • FINAL PAYMENT DUE NEXT FRIDAY (25th) • THIS WEEK: • Lunch Review TODAY Chapters 8, 9 (memory/cognition) • Psych Bowl Review TODAY 2:30 – 3:30 • Psych Bowl Review TOMORROW 2:30 – 4:00 • Psych Bowl SATURDAY 8:45 – 12:00 BE ON TIME! • Check In • Davis High Auditorium • Bring Paper/Pencil/Pen

  13. Anxiety Disorders Case Studies • OCD Symptoms • Obsession – Repetitive thought • Leads to Anxiety • Compulsion – Repetitive behavior • Reduces Anxiety (not rationally) • David Sedaris ... Naked – Case Study http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZoPSjsWt_4 • The Boy Who Couldn’t Stop Washing – Case Study • OCD Test • Donny Osmond – Panic Disorder/Panic Attacks • Howard Hughes – OCD/Agoraphobia • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder –Trauma Victims/War Vets • Panic Attacks/Panic Disorder • Night Terrors • Agoraphobia

  14. Anxiety DisordersCauses and Treatments Causes Treatment 1. Cognitive/CBT Stress Inoculation 2.Medical Model Medications (anti-anxiety) Biofeedback 3. Behavioral Systematic Desensitization • Cognitions • Behaviors/Reinforcing • Medical Model

  15. MoodDisorders

  16. Mood Disorders • Involve significant shifts in emotion/mood. • Types: • Major Depression • Bipolar Disorder (depression and mania) • SAD • Read Characteristics – DSM-IVTR • Examples (packet)

  17. Answers • Case A – Major Depression • Case B – Mania • Case C – Major Depression • Case D - Mania

  18. Mood Disorders Continued • Causes/Stats: • Bio • Genetic • Twin Studies • Serotonin and Norepinephrine • Brain/Body • Less Brain Activity • Psycho – Social • Negative thought spiral (cognitive) • Learned helplessness (behavioral) • Cyclical (despite meds)

  19. Treatments – Mood Disorders • Antidepressants • ECT – Major Depression (when other forms don’t work) • CBT – Train person to end cognitive spiral • Lithium (bipolar)

  20. Statistics and Case StudiesMood Disorders • Widespread/Cross-cultural • More women seek treatment • Cycles often preceded by other stressors • Cyclical routines usually last 3 months or less • http://www.learner.org/resources/series150.html?pop=yes&pid=1638 • Catherine Zeta-Jones • Mike Wallace

  21. Information • Reminders: • TOMORROW LATE START!! Auditorium 7:15 a.m. • FINAL PAYMENT DUE FRIDAY (25th) • THIS WEEK: • Lunch Review Tomorrow CH. 14/15 • Night Review Tomorrow (Ch. 10, 13 – 16) • 2 more flex/lunch next week • 1 more night review next week • Test TWO WEEKS FROM TODAY • Midterm Exam Friday (Ch. 10, 13, 14, 15) LAST ONE!! • CCN Chapter 15 DUE WEDNESDAY!! LAST ONE!!

  22. DissociativeDisorders

  23. Dissociative Disorders • A person’s “conscious” awareness and personal past “dissociate” from each other. • An individual forgets events, behaviors, thoughts, emotions • NOT organic (physical) • Statistically hard to track and difficult to “measure” • North America (DID) • Women

  24. Specific Dissociative Disorders • Fugue • Amnesia • Dissociative Identity Disorder • Booo Sybil case/Shirley Mason • Video Clip • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXuG2zI39yA&safe=active • Herschel Walker

  25. Causes and Treatments Causes Treatments Insight Therapy Cognitive (CBT) Psychoanalysis Integration therapy for DID *nothing medical, not organic • Repression (psychoanalytic) • Reinforcement/Avoidance of Consequences (cognitive-behavioral) • Generally there is some precipitating event/stressor • Individual “copes” by splitting/dissociating from the stress

  26. Personality Disorders • Impaired social functioning (Axis II) due to pervasive patterns of BEHAVIOR and maladaptive personality TRAITS • Think of the definition of personality • Over 50 in the DSM • Not in Axis I because not clinically measurable • Affect social relationships significantly • Individual doesn’t see a problem “It’s just who I am, it’s your problem!”

  27. Answers • Case A – Paranoid • Case B – Histrionic • Case C – Borderline • Case D – Fugue • Case E - Schizoid • Case F – Narcissistic • Case G – DID • Case H – Avoidant • Case I – Amnesia • Case J – Dependent • Case K – Antisocial • Case L – Schizotypal • Case M - OCDPD

  28. Causes and Treatment Causes Treatment Best treatment – insight, behavioral, cognitive, group therapies (see added attachment) Causes believed to be behavioral and cognitive as well as social and cultural

  29. Sexual Disorders Read Handout Provided Questions?

  30. Schizophrenia

  31. Schizophrenia • Literally means “split mind” – Often confused with DID. • Bicycle Analogy – Schizophrenia: The bicycle (mind) splits apart; the pieces separate and are put back together. It never quite works again properly. DID: Four separate bicycles (minds) all function well; they don’t interact much (don’t “associate”)

  32. Schizophrenia Characteristics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGnl8dqEoPQ Look for these symptoms in Gerry Psychotic Symptoms: Delusions – false thoughts Hallucinations – sensory experience without sensory input voices most common Disorganization – racing, disorganized thoughts and speech Catatonia – lack of motion/repetition Inappropriate Affect (emotional reaction) Disturbed Perceptions (characterized by psychotic symptoms) Inappropriate Actions “Split” from reality

  33. Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid • Thoughts preoccupied with delusions of fear and paranoia • Positive symptoms • Word salad – disordered/disorganized • Push of speech – speak so quickly cannot follow • Grandeur delusions – false thoughts of personal “grand”ness • Catatonic • Repetition • Waxy flexibility – body like wax/mold • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAEJ-Jvndms

  34. Schizophrenia Cont … • Disorganized • Positive symptoms • Thoughts/communication disorganized • Indifferent to real life situations • Undifferentiated • Exhibits symptoms of all other types • Causes • Psycho-Social • Poor coping as child • Can’t relate to others • Bio – • Dopamine Hypothesis • Brain Tissue (less in thalamus and CC) • Prenatal (flu) • Genetic/Twin Studies • Diathesis Stress(adolescence) • Onset: • Acute/Reactive • Chronic/Process

  35. Hippocampus

  36. Ventricles/Thalamus

  37. Schizophrenia Symptoms • Positive Symptoms • Overt and obvious to observers (disorganized thoughts/delusions/hallucinations/word salad/push of speech) • Negative Symptoms • Less obvious, typically involves withdrawal or flat emotion (catatonia/flat affect)

  38. Schizophrenia Stats and Treatment • 1% of world • Early/mid 20’s for men • Late 20’s/Early 30’s women • Cross-cultural • Affects men/women equally Famous People: Syd Barrett (Pink Floyd) John Nash (A Beautiful Mind) • Treatment: • Anti-psychotic meds • Clozapine • Thorazine • Neroleptics • CBT • ECT (rare) • Family Therapy • Group Homes/Treatment • Difficult to “cure”

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