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Annafelicia Zuffrano

From Bologna to the Blogosphere. A History of Written Correspondence ’ Summer School June 23rd - July 4th 2014. The graphical panorama from the 9 th and 12 th centuries to the University writing systems. The most important writing systems from the 9 th century to the University Era

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Annafelicia Zuffrano

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  1. From Bologna to the Blogosphere.A History of Written Correspondence’ Summer SchoolJune 23rd - July 4th 2014 The graphical panorama from the 9th and 12th centuries to the University writing systems. The most important writing systems from the 9th century to the University Era Wednesday, July 2th, h. 9-13 Annafelicia Zuffrano

  2. Giorgio Cencetti (1908-1970) Bernhard Bischoff (1906-1991) Armando Petrucci (1932- ) B. B. Bischoff, Latin palaeography: antiquity and middle age, translated by D. ó Cróinín and D. Ganz, Cambridge 1990 A. Petrucci, Breve storia della paleografia latina, Roma 1992 G. Cencetti, Lineamenti di Storia della scrittura latina, rist. a cura di G. Guerrini, Bologna 1997

  3. «Paleography is the critical study of the ancient scriptures and its purpose is not only to exactly interpret the manuscripts, but also to date them, to locate them and, in general, to trace, from their physical appearance, all the elements useful for the study of their content and in general, of the cultural history». Giorgio Cencetti

  4. What is written in the source we are studying? • When was it written? • Where was it written? • How was it written? • Who wrote the source we are analyzing? • Why was writing our sources?

  5. The paleographical lexicon

  6. Writing materials Paper Marble Wax tablet Parchment Papyrus Bronze

  7. Writing materials and instruments Hammer and chisel Rome - Votive inscription on marble A.D. IIth cent., Epigraphic Capital

  8. Writing materials and instruments Pointed instrument Rome, Foro Romano - Pillar under Lapis Niger Ancient Script - b.C. VIth-Vth cent.

  9. Ante A.D. 79 - Pompei-Graffiti

  10. Writing materials and instruments Wax tablet 57 A.D.- Wax tablets of Pompei

  11. Writing materials and instruments Brush Pompei – Electioneering on wall

  12. Writing materials and instruments Papyrus Parchment Papyrus Quill and reed pen

  13. Various type of ink Rome, Biblioteca Angelica, ms. 123, Gradual, Troper, Sequence, 11th century Bub, ms. 2461, 14th century

  14. Various type of ink Codex Argenteus, Uppsala, UB, D.G. 1 + Speyer, Historische Museum der Pfalz, 6th century Codex Purpureus Rossanensis, Rossano, 6th century

  15. Majuscule: all the characters have the same size and where the letters can be inscribed in a bilinear system Minuscule: all the characters have different sizes and where the letters can be inscribed in a four-linear system

  16. Size:refers to the letter dimensions Shape: refers to the look of every single letter Ductus: refers to the way in which the script is traced and it can be: Cursive Composed Half-cursive

  17. chiaroscuro(light and shade): refers to the thickness of letter’s strokes hatching(tratteggio): refers to the number, the sequence and the direction of the letter strokes heavy lacking light

  18. Samples of hatching Rustic capital

  19. Samples of hatching Caroline minuscule

  20. Samples of hatching French gothic

  21. Ligature: it is a union between two or more characters Fusion: two consecutive letters share one shape Largitio

  22. Book writing Padova, Antoniana Library, ms. I 27, 9th-10th century

  23. Documentary writing Bologna, State Archive, Uff. dei Rif. degli estimi, s. II b. 25 n. 14, 1296-97, cedola of estimo in vernacular

  24. Chancellery’s writing St. Gallen, Stifftsarchiv, Abteilung Pfaerfers, A. D. 1139, imperial diploma of Conrad III

  25. Cencetti’s writings categorization • graphical roman unit • graphical particularism • caroline-gothic • modern-humanistic Roman Era Early MiddleAges 8th -13th century 14th- 15th century

  26. Caroline minuscule(8th-12th century) A. Hessel L. Delisle V. Federici L. Schiaparelli

  27. Caroline minuscule(8th-12th century)

  28. Transition minuscule Angelo, State Archive, S. Giovanni in Monte 3/1343 n. 45, April 1144 Guido III, State Archive. S. Giovanni in Monte 6/1346.1, January, 12th, 1158

  29. Gothic AD 1339, Trier AD 1353, Rome

  30. Mayer’s rules If two adjacent letters have bows facing one another (for example be, oc, po) then they are set so close that the bows partially overlap 1) 2) After the letters with a bow the rassumes the 2-shape There are two shapes of d, the first one with the ascender sloping to the left before a round letters, the second one with straight ascender before a straight letters 3)

  31. The Italian shape of gothic: rotunda script Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Petrarch’s Virgile, 14th sec.

  32. The “Scholastic scripts” : the littera bononiensis script 14th sec, BUB, Ms. 1178, Rolandinus de Passeggeri, Summa artis notarie

  33. Italian chancellery’s minuscule AD 1337, Milan, Biblioteca Trivulziana AD 1346, Treves, Stadtbibliothek

  34. Humanistic script AD 1457, Berna, Stadtbibliothek, Valerius Probus, De notis antiquis

  35. The Italica script AD 1562, Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Letter of Carlo Borromeo

  36. Thanks for your attention!

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