ITU-T Workshop ICTs : Building the Green City of the Future

1. ITU-T WorkshopICTs: Building the Green City of the Future ICTs as a Tool to Combat Climate Change Arthur LevinChief, ITU-TSB United Nations PavilionEXPO-2010, 14 May 2010 Shanghai, China

2. ICTs and Climate Change Methodology to describe and estimate present and future user [energy] consumption of ICTs over their entire life cycle Smarter standards for greener systems Participation in COP Participants in Focus Group ICT and Climate Change UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon: "ITU is one of the very important stakeholders in the area of climate change."

3. Importance further identified at top level • WTSA-08, Resolution 73, resolves that CC is a high priority in ITU • WTPF (April 2009), Opinion 3, instructs promotion of Resolution 73, etc. • GSC-14 (July 2009), Resolution, encourages related collaboration, etc. • ITU Council (October 2009), Resolution 1307, unanimously decided its importance and active participation in UNFCCC including COP-15 in Copenhagen

4. Evidence for climate change Source: IPCC 4th assessment report, 2007

5. Why It Matters • Impact of CC is costly for many countries even though they are not a major source of emissions • E.g. total GHG emissions of Pacific Island countries is around 0.03% of global total, but half the population of island countries live within less than a mile of their coastlines; coral atolls no more than 3 meters above sea level • Typhoon/hurricane damage will increase by 10-26% for each 1 degree warming of sea • Deforestation (17-20% of GHG emissions) • Global Humanitarian Forum estimates CC already killing 100-300,000 people annually

6. Why ICTs Matter • ICTs (excluding broadcasting) contribute an estimated 2-3% of global Greenhouse Gas emissions • Around 0.9 ton GtCO2e in 2007 • Telecoms contributed around one quarter of this total • Airplanes and shipping about 3% each Source: Gartner Group

7. What trends do ICTs have at the device level? • Market doubles every 5 years • E.g. Broadband expanding to more users • Until market saturates • Then upgrades replace “obsolete” devices • New devices become a “must have” • E.g. HDTV, Smartphones • Annual growth rate of internet traffic is high • 1.8 billion Internet users worldwide • Highest growth in data traffic; Internet of things • All three trends increase ICT demand for energy • the GeSI Smart 2020 report predicts growth in ICTs energy use of 70% over the period 2007-2020

8. REDUCING ICT SECTOR EMISSIONS

9. Mitigating the impact • Directly, e.g. through energy-saving • Next-Generation Networks (NGN) should reduce GHG emissions by 40% • Modern radio technologies reduce energy consumption by transmitters ~ 10 times • Indirectly, e.g. ICTs for carbon abatement • Video-conferencing to reduce business travel in Europe by 1% would save 1 m CO2 ton • Systemically, e.g. by “dematerialisation” • Intelligent Transport Systems could reduce vehicle carbon emissions below 130 g per km

10. Placing Future Data Centres… • BT will place Energy Efficient, Green, Sustainable facilities based on: • Electricity is low cost, consistent, and available securely and in an abundance from renewable sources • Fresh Air and Free Air cooling can be utilised all year round • Network bandwidth low latency and high capacity is readily available and inexpensive • Land is low cost, with plenty of space for growth/expansion • BT will transform existing sites as much as possible to meet the standards of the new BT green data centre vision

11. The Life Cycle of ICT Hardware ICT Services ProductionPhase Use Phase End-of-lifePhase Recycling DesignPhase Residues Resources Life Cycle of an ICT product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies calculate the relevant environmental impacts of the life cycle per functional unit.

12. ICTs at work for monitoring climate change • WMO World WeatherWatch, incorporating: • Global Observingsystem • Global Telecom System • Global Data Processingsystem • Remote sensing • Environmental monitoring • Tsunami early-warning system • Digital climate forecasting models • GPS-enabled telemetry • Ubiquitous sensor networks

13. ICTs for adaptation: ITU Role • Telecommunications/ICTs for disaster preparedness • Tampere Convention • PP-06 Resolutions 36 and 136 on use ICTs for humanitarian assistance • WRC Resolutions 646, 647, 673 on use of radiocommunications for environmental monitoring, public protection and disaster relief • WTDC-06 Resolution 34 on the role of ICTs in mitigation of effects of disasters and humanitarian assistance • Partnership Coordination Panel on Telecoms for Disaster Relief (PCP-TDR) • E.164 country code (888) for UN OCHA • Recommendations E.106 on call priority and X.1303 on common alerting protocol

14. The ICT Enabling Effect • ICT responsible for 2-3% of global CO2 emissions • How can we reduce ICT own emissions • Next Generation Networks • ICT key to reduce the other 97% of CO2 emissions • The enabling effect by a factor of five • ICT as key enabler to reduce emissions in other sectors

15. Green ICT covers all activities on “Green of ICT” & “Green by ICT” Green of ICT Green by ICT CO2reduction of infrastructure and products in ICT industry CO2reduction through convergence with ICT in other industries

16. GREEN By ICT The opportunities where ICT could play a driving role include: • Smart grid • Smart buildings • Smart logistics • Smart motor systems • Dematerialisation

17. DEMATERIALISATION The substitution of high carbon products and activities with low carbon alternatives: > Replacing face-to-face meetings with tele- and videoconferencing > Remote working > Paper with email/online billing > CDs with online music

18. SMART BUILDINGS • Global building emissions responsible for 8% total emissions in 2002 (3.36 GtCO2e) - 11.7 GtCO2e if energy to run buildings is included. • SMART BUILDINGS • Technologies used to make the design, construction and operations of buildings more efficient, applicable to both new and existing property. • Building management systems (BMS) run heating and cooling systems. • Software to switch off PCs, monitors and lights when not in use. • Improved building design for energy efficiency.

19. SMART GRIDS • Power sector responsible for 24% global emissions in 2002. • Expected to be responsible for 14.26 GtCO2e in 2020. SMART GRIDS • Smart meters – customer information on energy use • Interactive energy generation • Advanced grid management systems • Demand management systems (dynamic demand) • Reduce transmissions and distribution (T&D) losses • Integration of renewables

20. ITU-T and Climate Change: Setting the Standard • FG on ICT&CC concluded with 4 Deliverables in March 2009. • Inputs from non-ITU members (e.g. academia) were also taken into considerations • Mandate of SG5 was expanded at the last TSAG (28-30 April 2009) • New SG 5 title: Environment and climate change • SG5 created a new WP 3/5 • All SGs examining impact of recommendations on climate change • SGs developing standards for new energy efficient technologies • E.g. SG 13 on Next Generation Networks • NGN estimated to be 40% more energy efficient

21. Universal charger ITU standardized-approval process for new Recommendation L.1000 Delivers 50% reduction in standby energy consumption, eliminates 51,000 ton of redundant chargers, and cuts GHG emissions by 13.6 million ton CO2 annually Current version covers charger for mobile terminals but will cover other ICT devices in future

22. ITU-T: Building Knowledge on Climate Change • ITU-T issued major Technology Watch Reports on Climate Change and positive impact of new technologies • Next Generation Networks, Intelligent Transport Systems, etc. • Organizing Major Symposia on ICT and CC • 2008: Kyoto and London • 2009: Quito and Seoul (virtual event) • ITU-T pioneering energy efficient work methods • Paperless meetings, on-line work tools, etc. • ITU-T leading Dynamic Coalition on Internet and Climate Change as part of IGF