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Unit Four

Unit Four. Money. Part One Listening and Speaking. ● Listening Script and Key ◆ Activity 1 Weak Forms Directions: In this part there are 10 sentences. Listen carefully twice and recognize the weak forms of words. Repeat what you hear and underline the words that have weak forms.

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Unit Four

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  1. Unit Four Money

  2. Part One Listening and Speaking ●Listening Script and Key ◆Activity 1 Weak Forms Directions:In this part there are 10 sentences. Listen carefully twice and recognize the weak forms of words. Repeat what you hear and underline the words that have weak forms.

  3. 1.Zhang Hua came from Shanghai. 2.Doyou know the man over there? 3.He gave the book to them. 4.ShouldI open the window? 5.Our teacher can speak English and French. 6.Whichonedoyou like better, coffee or tea? 7.     It’s good but expensive. 8.I found some students inthe classroom. 9.A horse isa usual animal. 10.The cats are very lovely, asyou know.

  4. ◆ Activity 2 Conversation Directions: In this part you will hear 5 conversations. Each of the conversations will be read twice. Listen carefully and then fill in each of the following blanks with the information you have heard. Conversation 1 M: What do you want? W: I want that beautiful dress. M: OK, and then what do you want to eat for your lunch? W: Some rice and vegetables. M: OK. Let’s go to the dining room downstairs. (1) W: All right.

  5. Conversation 2 M: Would you like to have a drink? W: Yes. M: What would you like to drink, Sprite or Coke? W: It doesn’t matter to me. M: Is a glass of Sprite OK? (2) W: Yes, it’s OK. Thank you very much.

  6. Conversation 3 M: Where is Chen Xiaozhou? W: He is in his office, I think. M: I would like to talk with him right now. W: Sorry, you cannot talk with him right now, I am afraid. M: Why? W: Because no one can talk during his office hours. (3)

  7. Conversation 4 M: Do you know the people over there? W: Sorry, only two or three of them look familiar to me. (4) M: Are they your classmates? W: No. They are my schoolmates. M: Which one of them is Liu Gang? Is he the small man on the right? W: No. He is the tall man on the left.

  8. Conversation 5 M: Are you Ma Wenhong? W: No. I’m Sun Chunyan. Ma Wenhong is having his class. M: Nice to see you Sun Chunyan. I’m Wang Jun. W: Nice to see you, too, Wang Jun. M: Would you like to have a glass of beer? (5) W: No, I wouldn’t. I just want a cup of water.

  9. ◆ Activity 3 Passage Directions:In this part there is only one passage. Listen to the passage twice and then decide on the appropriate answer to each of the questions from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.

  10. Yesterday was Jim’s birthday. He got many presents from his friends and family. All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper. Some of the packages were large while others were very small. Some were heavy, and others were light. There was one blue package which had a book in it. Another one was long and narrow; it had an umbrella in it. Jim’s sister gave him a big, round package. He thought it was a ball, but it was not. When he removed the yellow paper that covered it, he saw that it was a globe of the world. After that his brother gave Jim another present. It was a big box wrapped in green paper. Jim opened it and found another box covered with red paper. He removed the paper and saw a third box; this one was blue in color.

  11. Everyone laughed as Jim opened the boxes. There were six of them! In the last one he found a small white envelope. There was a piece of paper in the envelope which said: “Go to the big bedroom. Look in the closet near the window. You will see three suitcases: a black one, a brown one and a gray one. Your birthday present is in one of these suitcases.” Jim went to the bedroom. He went to the closet and opened the suitcases. He had to open all of them before he saw his brother’s present. He was very happy. It was just what Jim wanted－a computer.

  12. Questions and Answers 1. Q: What present did Jim get on his birthday? A: C. A computer. 2. Q: How were all the presents wrapped? A: D. In colored paper. 3. Q: What did the long and narrow package have inside? A: D. An umbrella. 4. Q: Why did people laugh as Jim opened the boxes? A: A. Because there are six of them. 5. Q: Where did Jim find his present? A: C. In a suitcase in the closet.

  13. ● Speaking ◆Activity 1 Sample —— A: Nice to see you here, Jane. B: Nice to see you, Jimmy. A: How are you doing now? B: Just fine. How about you? A: Fine, too. B: Have you seen Bob recently? A: No, I haven’t. B: I haven’t, either.

  14. ◆ Activity 2 Sample —— A: Can you tell me where Sun Tao is? B: No. I’m sorry. A: Do you know the people over there? B: Yes. They’re my classmates. A: Do you think they know where Sun Tao is? B: Yes. Maybe they know. A: So, I will go and ask them. Good-bye. B: Good-bye.

  15. Part Two Reading ●Lead-in Activity Questionnaire Samples —— I usually spend less than 400 yuan every month. I am very thrifty. I spend less than 15 yuan each day on food because food in the canteen here is really cheap. I don’t spend money on other things except food. I am now having a part-time job. I am a tutor of a middle school student. I can earn 20 yuan for each hour.

  16. —I spend about 800 yuan every month. I like to eat delicious food, so I spend about 25 yuan each day on food. Besides, I will buy snacks now and then. I also like to eat in a restaurant once a month. As a result, most of my money is spent on food. I don’t have any part-time job because my parents ask me to study hard and not to care about money.

  17. ●Reading ◆Language Focus 1．Money mattered a great deal to Patsy and Sam, but it meant something different to each of them. (Para. 1) matter在该句中是动词，表示“有关系，要紧”的意思。例如： 1）Will it matter if I'm a little late? 我迟到一点有关系吗？ 2）All that matters is that you're safe. 要紧的是你的安全。

  18. 2．That was why they argued. (Para. 1) 疑问副词why引导的句子经常用于“That’s why…”句型，表示“这就是为什么……”的意思。例如： 1）Simon loves you —— that's why he wants to be with you. 西蒙喜欢你，这就是他为什么想跟你在一起的原因。 2）He is a selfish man. That’s why we can’t become friends. 他是个自私的人，这就是为什么我们不会成为朋友的原因。

  19. 3．When they got married Patsy and Sam decided they would be very sensible about money. (Para.2) 动词marry用作及物动词时，直接跟宾语。例如： 1）He married Mary in 1925. 他1925年与玛丽结婚。 2）She married a doctor. 她与一位医生结了婚。

  20. 假如没有直接宾语，更为常见的是用课文中出现的get married。例如： 1）John and Lisa got married last week. 约翰和莉萨上周结婚了。 2）We're getting married next month. 我们下周结婚。

  21. sensible 用来表示“明智的”，即：不会表现出愚蠢或感情冲动；而另有一个与sensible非常形似的词是sensitive，sensitive表示“敏感的”，也就是说对事物容易感受或感受很深。试比较下列句子： 1）Be sensible—you can't go out without a coat in this weather. 理智些，这种天气不穿大衣怎么出去。 2）Older people tend to be very sensitive to cold. 老年人对冷非常敏感。

  22. 3）Laura's a pretty sensible girl. I don't think she'd talk to strangers. 劳拉是个明智的姑娘。我认为她不会跟陌生人说话。 4）Joe is such a sensitive boy. He can't take even the smallest criticism. 乔是个敏感的男孩。他甚至不能接受一点批评。

  23. 4．They worked out how much each of them would have to save every month so that in two years' time they'd have the deposit on a house. (Para. 2) so that 引导的是目的状语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或现在完成体，那么从句中一般用can, may, will和shall等这些情态动词。如果主句中的谓语动词是过去，那么从句中的情态动词一般用could, might, would和should等。例如： 1）She's studying English at night school so that she can go to university. 她在夜校学习英语，以便能进大学。 2）He lowered his voice so that Doris couldn't hear. 他压低了声音，免得多丽丝听到。

  24. in two years' time表示从现在算起两年。类似的例子还有： 1）He has an appointment with the doctor in two days' time. 两天后，他和医生有个约会。 2）In two hours’ time, we’ll be in Paris. 两小时后，我们将到达巴黎。

  25. deposit表示“存款”的意思。如果表达存款的用途，后面则加on，表达有多少存款，后面用of。例如：deposit表示“存款”的意思。如果表达存款的用途，后面则加on，表达有多少存款，后面用of。例如： 1）We can have a deposit on a house soon. 我们的存款马上就够买房子了。 2）Tom has a deposit of £1,000 in his account. 汤姆的帐户上有1000英镑的存款。

  26. 5．But things didn't turn out just as they planned. (Para. 2) as在这里引导方式状语从句，修饰动作或状态，表示“如同，按照……样子”的意思，通常位于主句之后。例如： 1）He did not need to keep moving house, as his father had. 他不用像他父亲那样，总是搬家。 2）We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive. 我们最好让东西保持原样，一直等到警察来。

  27. 6．He always found that he had to buy the drinks for all his friends when they were drinking together, and he couldn't let his football team down by not going to all the matches held in other places. (Para. 2) 这里的drink是名词，表示“饮料”的意思。例如： 1）It's under $10 for lunch and drinks at that restaurant. 那家饭店的午餐和饮料不到10美元。 2）You can bring your own food and drinks to the picnic. 野餐可自带食物和饮料。

  28. 句中的let down 表示“使失望，辜负”的意思，例如： 1）The worst feeling is having let our fans down. 最糟糕的感觉是我们辜负了球迷。 2）I was a bit late but I couldn’t let them down completely. 我有些晚了，但我不会完全让他们失望的。

  29. 过去分词held作定语，修饰matches。过去分词作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。例如：过去分词held作定语，修饰matches。过去分词作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。例如： 1）He is reading the book recommended by John. 他正在读约翰推荐的那本书。 2）Mary has read a poem written by a famous British poet. 玛丽读过一位著名英国诗人写的诗歌。 3）He has bought a new car designed and built in Korea. 他买了一辆韩国设计和生产的汽车。

  30. 7．Then there was his father's fiftieth birthday－he had to get the old man a nice present. (Para. 2) get在这里的意思是“买”，经常用在get somebody something或get something for somebody的句型中。例如： 1）While you're out, could you get me some batteries? 你出去的时候，能给我买些电池吗？ 2）Joe's going to get tickets for all of us. 乔打算给我们所有人买票。

  31. present作名词，意为“礼物”。例如： 1）The watch was a present from my mother. 手表是妈妈给我的礼物。 2） I gave her a very special present for her birthday. 她的生日我送给她一件非常特殊的礼物。

  32. 8．When he won a bit of money on a bet he thought he'd spend it on a great Christmas party for all their friends. (Para. 2) spend后面如果跟名词的话，要用on，如果后面跟动词的话，则用动词的ing形式。例如： 1）Mum never spends any money on herself. 妈妈从来不在她自己身上花钱。 2）He spent the whole morning reading the report. 他整个上午都在看报道。

  33. 9．In fact, she always put away a bit more than agreed. (Para. 3) she always put away a bit more than agreed 意为“她存的钱总是比她所预定的还多”，这里在than后面省略了she。在than引导的比较从句中可以省略与主句相同的成分。例如： 1）Natalie was prettier than her sister (was). 娜塔丽比她姐姐漂亮。 2）There were more accidents on the highways this year than (there were) last year. 高速公路上的车祸今年比去年多。

  34. 10．What mattered to her was buying a really nice house. (Para. 3) 这里what引导的是主语从句，相当于带有关系从句作后置修饰语的名词词组。例如： 1） What matters is the British people and British jobs. (这一句话可以改写成：The thing that matters is the British people and British jobs.) 重要的是英国人民和工作。 2） What we'll do is to leave a note for Mum to tell her we won't be back till late. 我们要做的是给妈妈留一张纸条，告诉她我们要很晚才能回来。 这一句话可以改写成：The thing that we'll do is to leave a note for Mum to tell her we won't be back till late.

  35. 11．When Patsy and Sam read their joint bank statement or put their change together to buy a coffee, they agreed on what the figures and the coins meant. (Para. 4) change在该句中是名词，意为“零钱”。类似的例句还有： 1）Here's your change, sir. 先生，这是你的找头。 2）I have about a dollar in change. 我有一美元的零钱。

  36. coffee一般来说是不可数名词，但有时可用作可数名词，a coffee表示“一杯咖啡”的意思。例如： 1）Who wants a coffee? 谁要一杯咖啡？ 2）Two coffees, please. 请来两杯咖啡。

  37. agree on意为“商定，约定”。agree with可用来表示“同意某人的观点或看法”。agree to表示“赞同一项建议”。试比较： 1）We need to agree on a date for our next meeting. 我们必须商定下次会议的日期。 2）If she felt he was right, she would agree with him. 如果她感觉他是正确的，她会同意他的观点的。 3）My sister won't agree to our mother going into a nursing home. 我姐姐不同意我妈妈去养老院。

  38. 12．They were each using a set of meanings which they shared with one another and with the rest of society. (Para. 4) each可以跟在一个句子的主语后面。在这种结构中，主语与谓语动词都用复数形式。例如： 1）We each have our own skills. 我们每人有自己的技巧。 2）They each choose a word from the list. 他们每人从单子上选取一个单词。

  39. a set of 表示“一批，一套”。例如： 1）Amy bought him a set of tools. 艾米给他买了一套工具。 2）The older generation have a different set of values. 年老的一代有一套不同的价值观。

  40. 句中的which引导定语从句，修饰meanings。用于定语从句的中关系代词which可以作定语从句中的主语或宾语。例如：句中的which引导定语从句，修饰meanings。用于定语从句的中关系代词which可以作定语从句中的主语或宾语。例如： 1）Did you see the letter which came today? 你们看到今天的信吗？ 2）Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described. 他们正驶过安迪描述的房子。

  41. 13．But when they set about deciding what they would do with the money they each used their own individual meanings which they had given to money. (Para. 4) set about在该句中是“开始，着手”的意思，后面直接跟名词（短语）或动名词，如果后面要跟动词的话，就要用动词的ing形式。例如： 1）A team of volunteers set about the task with determination. 一组自愿者决心开始这项工作。 2）Tony set about decorating their new house in blue and yellow. 托尼开始用蓝色和黄色装修他们的新家。

  42. 14．With our public meanings we agree that this piece of metal is a dollar, or a pound, and that piece of metal can be thrown away.(Para. 5) 这里的with表示“对……，就……来说，关于”的意思。例如： 1）We have a problem with parking in this area. 我们在这里遇到了停车问题。 2）Is there something wrong with your phone? 你的电话有问题吗？

  43. metal在这里用作不可数名词，因此“一块金属”就说成a piece of metal。piece经常用来修饰不可数名词，表示“片，块，段”。例如： 1）He broke off a piece of bread and gave it to her. 他掰下一片面包给她。 2）Here are pieces of glass all over the road. 马路上到处是玻璃碎片。 throw away这个词组表示“扔掉”的意思。例如： 1）I never throw clothes away. 我从不把衣服扔掉。 2）I threw away all the broken toys. 我把破玩具都扔了。

  44. 15．Our private meanings are ours alone and come out of our own personal experience, needs and wishes. (Para. 5) experience在这里是不可数名词，表示“通过学习或实践取得的经验”，experience也可以作可数名词，表示“经历过的事情”。试比较下列句子： 1）He had no previous experience of managing a farm. 他没有经营农场的经验。 2）Failing an exam was a new experience for me. 没有通过考试对我来说是一种新的经历。

  45. 3）The programme can enable pupils to get some working experience. 这个项目能使学生获得一些工作经验。 4）Living alone will be a very good experience for her. 独自生活对她将是一次很好的经历。

  46. 16．Whenever Patsy and Sam had an argument over money－and, like most couples, this is what they argued about most frequently－they were each arguing for a different priority, although they didn't make this clear. (Para. 6)

  47. whenever可用来引导时间状语从句，表示经常性的动作，即“每当……”的意思。例如：whenever可用来引导时间状语从句，表示经常性的动作，即“每当……”的意思。例如： 1）Whenever I hear that tune, it makes me think of you. 每次听到那个曲调，我都会想到你。 2）He felt the pain in his knee whenever he kicked a ball. 每次踢球时，他都会感到膝盖痛。

  48. like和as一样，都可作介词，但意义不一样。like表示“像，与……一样”；而as表示“以……的身份”。试比较：like和as一样，都可作介词，但意义不一样。like表示“像，与……一样”；而as表示“以……的身份”。试比较： 1）He stood upright, like a soldier. 他站得笔直，像个战士。(他不是战士) 2）He served in the army as a soldier. 他当兵在部队服役。(他是战士) 3）Like a parent, I feel that more should be done to protect our children. 像家长一样，我感到必须做更多的事来保护我们的孩子。(说话人不是家长) 4）As a parent, I feel that more should be done to protect our children. 作为家长，我感到必须做更多的事来保护我们的孩子。(说话人是家长)

  49. argue for表示“赞成”的意思，argue against意为“反对”。两个词组后面都可以直接跟名词或动词的-ing形式。例如： 1）Tom’s report argued for an improvement in prison conditions. 汤姆的报告赞成改善监狱的条件。 2）They argue for enhancing health care. 他们赞成提高健康关爱。 3）They argued against the proposal. 他们反对那项提议。 4）Baker argued against cutting the military budget. 贝克反对削减军用预算。

  50. although引导让步状语从句，可以出现在主句前，也可以出现在主句后。在although表示的让步状语从句中，主句不能用but。例如：although引导让步状语从句，可以出现在主句前，也可以出现在主句后。在although表示的让步状语从句中，主句不能用but。例如： 1）Although the car's old, it still runs well. 尽管那辆车很老了，但开起来还很好。 2）We decided to take the rooms, although we knew we could not afford the rent. 我们决定要这些房间，尽管我们知道我们付不起房租。

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