Computer Audio/ fmod

1. Computer Audio/fmod CGDD 4603

2. Why fmod? • Sound you might have in a game: • Background music • Sound effects • Dialog • How do you currently use these in your games? • fmod is very popular • Powerful – both 2D and 3D sound, DSP/effects… • Cross platform (PS3, Wii, PC…) • Has a designer, sandbox and API

3. Partial List of Games that use fmod • Plants vs Zombies • Pure • Rise of Flight: The First Great Air War • Second Life • Shatter • Shattered Horizon[4] • Silent Hill: Shattered Memories • StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty • Stargate Worlds • Stranglehold • TimeShift • TNA iMPACT! • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Vegas 2 • Tomb Raider: Underworld • Torchlight • Tropico 3 • vSide • World of Tanks • World of WarCraft • You Don't Know Jack • Zuma • Allods Online • Audition Online • Battlestations: Pacific • BioShock • BioShock2 • Brutal Legend • Clive Barker's Jericho • Cortex Command • Crysis • Darkfall • DJ Hero • Batman: Arkham Asylum • De Blob • Dragon Age: Origins • Dogfighter • Far Cry • Forza Motorsport 2 • Forza Motorsport 3 • Guild Wars • Guitar Hero III • Guitar Hero: Aerosmith • Guitar Hero: World Tour • Heavenly Sword • Heroes of Newerth • Hellgate: London • Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis • Just Cause 2 • League of Legends • Lego Universe • LittleBigPlanet/LBP2 • Metroid Prime 3 • Natural Selection 2 • Need for Speed: Shift • Nicktoons Unite! • Nicktoons: Across the Second Dimension

4. Things You Should Know… • ADC/DAC – Audio to Digital Conversion • Sampling rate • # of times per second the computer “listens” • 44.1 KHz is CD • 22 KHz is good • Bits per sample • Computers have to approximate • 4 bits = 16 levels of approximation • 8 bits = 256 levels of approximation

5. Original Sound

6. Low Sampling Rate TIME

7. Low Sampling RateWhat the computer hears TIME

8. High Sampling Rate TIME

9. High Sampling Rate TIME

10. 2 bits per sample4 Approximations TIME

11. StairStep Effect TIME

12. 3 bits per sample8 Approximations TIME

13. Less StairStep TIME

14. Capturing Sounds • Usually done with: • a microphone (such as voice) • Line in • CD • Hollywood Edge® • Computer has sound card • Input types (RCA, MIDI, mini, ¼”, XLR) • Card has quality (plays 16-bit sound) • Need some kind of software • SoundForge/Audacity • Windows SoundRecorder (gag)

15. 3D Sound • Sounds have position and velocity • There is a listener component • Relationship between the two • Attenuation (with distance) • Occlusion (low-pass filter) • Doppler (relative velocities) • Lots of “psycho-acoustic” options

16. Back to fmod • There are three primary components: • The Sound Designer • The Sandbox • The API • We’ll use all three • Start with Sound Designer

17. Setting up a Project • Take the advice of the video tutorials • Have a separate folder • Copy sounds into a “sounds” directory • Keeps the safe • Can have sub-directories • Create an “output” directory

18. Designer Interface Can delete this if you want, but need to have at least one group

19. Events • Used to define sound properties for an event • Can be comprised of • One sound • Several sounds randomly chosen • Monophonic vs Polyphonic • Can randomize pitch and attenuation • Events can be • Simple • Multi-track

20. A Simple Event

21. Granular Sounds • These sounds aren’t looping • Allows for a sounds to occur between time ranges • Allows for polyphony

22. Event Options • Can vary attenuation (dropoff with distance) • Can vary pitch • Creates a sound considerably smaller than a “soundtrack” • Plays forever and is always random!

23. Sound Definitions • Required for multi-track events

24. Multi-track Events • Comprised of sound defs in layers

25. Multi-track Events • Careful when adding sounds • Choose sound def • Ambient noise is looping • Other sounds are granular, so choose “Oneshot” • Have parameters • Not based on time!

26. Multi-track Events • Can cross-fade and set fade out time

27. Effects

28. Parameter Properties • Can define range and velocity (to simulate time)

29. Engine Designer • fmod can specifically work with engine sounds • Need for Speed 2 • Based on the “load” of the engine • Right-click on a sound instance->properties • Auto-pitch • Window->fmod Engine Designer

30. The Build Process • Know which platform you’re targeting • Changes are applied only to that platform • Project->Clean, Project->Build

31. Interactive Music • Comprised of several short segments of music • Intro music • Darkening or discovery • Fighting/intense fighting • Release • Before you begin, you must know • Tempo of music (beats per minute – bpm) • Beats per measure (time signature)

32. Cues

33. Themes and Auditioning

34. Transitioning via Parameters

35. Other Things • Supports deployment of multiple languages • Can deploy different builds based on • Platform • Language

36. A Look at the API • Basic API • Designer API • Built on basic API • Can read .fev files • Written for C/C++ • #include <fmod.h> // C • #include <fmod.hpp> // C++ • Read the documentation fmodex.chm

37. API Parts • A System is the fmod engine • A Sound is the raw resource • 2D uses FMOD_2D • 3D uses FMOD_3D result = system->createSound(“music.wav", FMOD_2D, 0, &sound);

38. API Parts • A Channel is an instance of a Sound • Each time you play a sound, you get a new channel • Channels can start out paused • You can set the • Volume (0.0f – 1.0f) • Pan (-1.0f – 1.0f) • Frequency (in Hz as a float) • Always use FMOD_CHANNEL_FREE to pick for you

39. #include<iostream> #include<fmod.hpp> #include<fmod_errors.h> usingnamespacestd; usingnamespaceFMOD; voidmain(){ FMOD_RESULTresult; System*system; // Create the fmod system. We only need one of these result=System_Create(&system); // Specify a max number of simultaneous channels result=system->init(100,FMOD_INIT_NORMAL,0); Sound*sound; // Decompress the entire mp3 into 16-bit PCM in memory result=system->createSound("winning.mp3",FMOD_DEFAULT,0,&sound); if(result!=FMOD_OK){ cout<<"Couldn't open it! "<<FMOD_ErrorString(result)<<endl; } Channel*channel; // Used for setting volume, pan, pausing... // You have the option of passing that channel as the last parameter result=system->playSound(FMOD_CHANNEL_FREE,sound,false,&channel); channel->setFrequency (44100.0f); if(result!=FMOD_OK){ cout<<"Couldn't play it! "<<FMOD_ErrorString(result)<<endl; } while(true){ cout<<"1"; system->update(); // Now required in fmod } }

40. Virtual Voices • Supports “virtual voices” when hardware is limited • Set from System::init() • System::getCPUUsage() • Try to keep < 1000 • May need to set the priority of a channel if it’s important • channel->isVirtual()

41. 3D Sound in fmod • Sound attenuation • Logarithmic • Set the mindistance of a sound channel to start attenuation • Bee = 0.1f • Jet = 50.0f • Leave max distance alone (default is 10,000) • Set 3D settings with System::set3DSettings() • Doppler • Distance factor (in cm, m, feet) • Rolloff scale (attenuation models)

42. 3D Sound • fmod uses a left-handed coordinate system result=system->init(100, (FMOD_MODE)(FMOD_INIT_3D_RIGHTHANDED|FMOD_3D), 0); • With velocity, you must pass it as meters per second velx= (posx-lastposx) * 1000 / timedelta; vel = 0.1 * 1000 / 16.67 = 6 meters per second vel = 0.2 * 1000 / 33.33 = 6 meters per second

43. void main () { FMOD_RESULT result; FMOD_VECTOR soundPos, soundVel; FMOD_VECTOR listenerPos, listenerVel, listenerForward, listenerUp; System* system; result = System_Create(&system); result = system->init(100, (FMOD_MODE)(FMOD_3D), 0); intnumHC = 0; result = system->getHardwareChannels(&numHC); cout << "Hardware channels: " << numHC << endl; Sound* sound; result = system->createSound(“train.mp3", FMOD_3D, 0, &sound); if (result != FMOD_OK) { cout << "Couldn't open it! " << FMOD_ErrorString(result) << endl; } Channel* channel; result = system->playSound(FMOD_CHANNEL_FREE, sound, false, &channel); channel->setFrequency(44100.0f); if (result != FMOD_OK) { cout << "Couldn't play it! " << FMOD_ErrorString(result) << endl; } float dsp, stream, geometry, update, total; soundPos.y= soundVel.x = soundVel.y = 0.0f; soundPos.z = -100.0f; soundPos.x = 5.0f; soundVel.z = 6.0f; channel->set3DMinMaxDistance(10, 10000); listenerPos.x = listenerPos.y = listenerPos.z = 0.0f; listenerVel.x = listenerVel.y = listenerVel.z = 0.0f; listenerForward.x = listenerForward.y = listenerUp.x = listenerUp.z = 0.0f; listenerForward.z = listenerUp.y = 1.0f; system->set3DListenerAttributes(0, &listenerPos, &listenerVel, &listenerForward, &listenerUp); while (true) { system->update(); system->getCPUUsage(&dsp, &stream, &geometry, &update, &total); cout << total << endl; soundPos.z+=0.01f; channel->set3DAttributes(&soundPos, &soundVel); } }

44. Interfacing with Sound Designer • You should have received • .fev file (Designer file – event data) • .fsb file (raw audio data) • .txt file (describes the events and parameters) • May want to start by creating a helper function voidcheckErrors(FMOD_RESULT result) { if(result != FMOD_OK) { cout<< "fmod error: " << FMOD_ErrorString(result) << endl; exit(1); } }

45. Imagine That This is our Project

46. #include <iostream> #include <fmod.hpp> #include <fmod_event.hpp> #include <fmod_errors.h> using namespace std; using namespace FMOD; void main () { EventSystem* eventSystem = NULL; EventGroup* eventGroup = NULL; Event* myEvent = NULL; EventParameter* eventPar; FMOD_RESULT result = EventSystem_Create(&eventSystem); checkErrors(result); result = eventSystem->init(64, FMOD_INIT_NORMAL, 0, FMOD_EVENT_INIT_NORMAL); eventSystem->setMediaPath("..//"); result = eventSystem->load("fmodTest.fev", 0, 0); result = eventSystem->getGroup("fmodTest/beeps", false, &eventGroup); result = eventGroup->getEvent("PossessedComputer", FMOD_EVENT_DEFAULT, &myEvent); result = myEvent->getParameter("proximityToComputer", &eventPar); myEvent->start(); float dir = 0.0001f; float currentParVal = -1.0f; eventPar->setValue(0.1f); while (true){cout << currentParVal << endl; eventPar->getValue(&currentParVal); currentParVal+=dir; eventPar->setValue(currentParVal); if ((currentParVal >= 1.0)||(currentParVal <= 0.0)) { dir = -dir; } } }

47. Interactive Music

48. void main () { EventSystem* eventSystem = NULL; MusicSystem* musicSystem = NULL; MusicPrompt* introPrompt, *fightPrompt, *fight2Prompt, *releasePrompt; FMOD_MUSIC_ITERATOR cueIter; FMOD_MUSIC_ITERATOR paramIter; FMOD_MUSIC_ID intensityParID = -1.0f; FMOD_RESULT result = EventSystem_Create(&eventSystem); result = eventSystem->init(64, FMOD_INIT_NORMAL, 0, FMOD_EVENT_INIT_NORMAL); result = eventSystem->load("acid_test.fev", 0, 0); result = eventSystem->getMusicSystem(&musicSystem); musicSystem->setVolume(1.0f); result = musicSystem->getCues(&cueIter); cout<< "Iter ID: " << cueIter.value->id << endl; result = musicSystem->prepareCue(cueIter.value->id, &fightPrompt); result = musicSystem->getNextCue(&cueIter); cout<< "Iter ID: " << cueIter.value->id << endl; result = musicSystem->prepareCue(cueIter.value->id, &fight2Prompt); result = musicSystem->getNextCue(&cueIter); result = musicSystem->prepareCue(cueIter.value->id, &introPrompt); result = musicSystem->getNextCue(&cueIter); result = musicSystem->prepareCue(cueIter.value->id, &releasePrompt); musicSystem->getParameters(&paramIter); intensityParID = paramIter.value->id; cout << "paramIter.value->name is " << paramIter.value->name << endl; musicSystem->setParameterValue(intensityParID, 7.5f); result = introPrompt->begin(); while (true){ eventSystem->update(); } }

49. Other Things You Should Look Into… • The 3D Reverb API • Asynchronously loading data (by default) • Memory management for non-PC platforms • FMOD::Memory_Initialize() // fix size of fmod • Using compressed samples • Built-in DSP

50. Configuration Notes • You’ll be working with • Header files • C/C++ -> General->Additional Include Directories • Lib files • Linker->General->Additional Library Directories • Linker->General->Additional Dependencies • DLLs (which you should put into Windows/System32) • There’s also a FMOD.NET site…