Case Discussions & Review

1. Case Discussions & Review

2. Heartsaver First Aid— First Aid Basics Things to know… • What is first aid? • What do you do is someone refuses help? • Steps of Primary Survey? • What to do after an emergency is over?

3. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 1 A custodial worker begins to clean the office. While dusting, he begins to have trouble breathing. • You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. • He says he needs help and tells you that he has asthma and has an inhaler in his coat pocket, which is on his cart. What should you do now?

4. First Aid Actions • What are the signs of trouble breathing? • Bring inhaler and stay with him • Phone for help if: • Trouble breathing after using inhaler • No inhaler • Becomes unresponsive

5. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 2 You are in the cafeteria and see a co-worker looking frightened and having trouble breathing. • You tell her that you know first aid and ask if you can help. • The co-worker nods and says, “I’m allergic to peanuts.” What should you do now?

6. First Aid Actions • What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction? • Phone for help; get first aid kit • Ask if they have epi-pen • Get the pen and help her use it if state and company approves it • No pen, stay with her until EMS arrives

7. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 3 You are in a restaurant when a women jumps up and grabs her throat. You rush over to her. What should you do now?

8. First Aid Actions • What questions do you ask? • What do you look for in infants? • How do you help? • How long do you help?

9. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 4 A co-worker complains of being tired and having chest pain. • You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. • He nods and says, “It’s nothing. It’s probably something I ate.” • You notice that he is sweating and is breathing fast. You tell him that you are going to get help, but he says not to bother, it will pass. What should you do now?

10. First Aid Actions • Other signs of a possible heart attack? • Have them sit or lie down • Phone or send someone for help • Get first aid kit and AED • Stay with co-worker; becomes unresponsive, be ready to give CPR and use of AED

11. Other related issue… • Cardiac arrest?

12. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 5 You walk into your boss’s office and see that he has his head on the desk. • You run over and shout “Are you OK?” He lifts his head and mumbles something. He is sleepy and confused. • You see that he is breathing normally, and you find that he has a medical bracelet that states that he is a diabetic. What should you do now?

13. First Aid Actions • Give sugar by mouth if he can swallow (give soda, fruit juice, or pack of sugar) NO artificial sweeteners or diet products • Lie or sit down • Can’t swallow or does not feel better after sugar intake or becomes unresponsive, phone for help

14. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 6 You are talking to your foreman when he suddenly begins to slur his speech. His right arm falls to his side, and he slumps down. What should you do now?

15. First Aid Actions • Check area for safety; May have to help him lie down • Phone for help and get first aid kit • If goes unresponsive, start CPR or AED use

16. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 7 You are working on the assembly line when there is a commotion. You see one of the employees lying on the ground. Her arms and legs are shaking violently. What should you do now?

17. First Aid Actions • Area must be safe; move furniture or other objects in the way • Place towel or pad under victim’s head • Phone for help • Wait for seizure to stop • DO NOT put anything in the mouth • DO NOT hold the victim down

18. Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies Case 8 A dockworker is unloading a truck and gets hit in the stomach by a heavy crate. When you arrive he is on the ground in pain. • You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. He nods. • You make sure the area is safe. He is responsive and is breathing normally. • You look and see no bleeding. You ask what hurts and he points to his stomach. He begins to shiver and becomes confused. What should you do now?

19. First Aid Actions • Phone for help • Keep victim still and lying down • No leg injury – raise feet 12 inches • Cover with a blanket • Signs of shock • Feels cold and shivering, feels weak, faint, or dizzy, confused or agitated, vomiting, thirsty

20. Fainting • Why might it happen? • What to do to help?

21. Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies Case 1 You bring the First Aid Kit when you are called to help someone who has been cut by a piece of machinery at work. What should you do now?

22. First Aid Actions • Put on PPE • Stop bleeding with pressure • Elevation if that doesn’t help • Remove soaked gauze?

23. Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies Other bleeding issues…-Nosebleeds-Cuts to the Mouth-Puncture Wounds-Amputations

24. Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies Head and Spine Injuries • When are the only two times we want to move a victim? • Signs of a head/spine injury • Main points to a Roll Turn

25. Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies Case 3 You bring the First Aid Kit when you are called to help a co-worker who has fallen down the stairs. You find the woman sitting on the stair landing, holding her arm against her body and moaning. She says, “I think it’s broken.” • You tell the woman that you know first aid and ask if you can help. She nods. What should you do now?

26. First Aid Actions • Look for any open wounds – cover with clean dressing • Check for shock and treat if need be • DO NOT try to straighten the injured arm • Place a plastic bag filled with ice over a towel on injured area – on for 15 off for 5 • Call for help if victim can’t move

27. Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies Case 4 You are asked to give first aid to a plant worker who was burned by a steam jet. When you reach the area, you see a worker with a reddened area on her arm and hand. • You introduce yourself and say that you know first aid and ask if you can help. She nods. What should you do now?

28. First Aid Actions • Check area for safety • Cool burn with cold water – hold it under the water for 15-20 minutes • Cover with dry, non-sticky sterile or clean dressing • Do not put fat, mayo, or other home remedies on the burn • When should we seek medical attention? • How can you tell the difference in the degree of burns?

29. Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies Case 5 You bring the First Aid Kit when you are called to help a worker who was “shocked” when he was repairing a piece of equipment. You find the man on the ground near the equipment. He does not move. Several other workers are nearby. What should you do now?

30. First Aid Actions • Be sure area is safe. Stay away from electrical source • Phone for help and get AED • DO NOT touch the victim if he/she is still in contact with power source • Check ABC’s once scene is safe – CPR if necessary • DO NOT move the victim • Fire??? Clothing and Jewelry?

31. Heartsaver First Aid— CPR What to know??? • Effective chest compressions • Skills in order • When to call 911? • Main differences between pediatrics and adults? • Chains of Survival for both? • Hand placement for CPR • All ratios and depths • Choking skill on baby

32. Heartsaver First Aid— AED What to know… • Why use quickly? • Special Situations? • Triple “P” Double “C”

33. Heartsaver First Aid— Environmental • Poisonings, chemical spills • Heat-related illnesses • Frostbite, hypothermia, heat stroke • Insect and animal bites • rabid animals • Snake bites • wrap on coral snakebites • Ticks