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Modeling rotational Raman scattering in the Earth’s atmosphere. Rutger van Deelen Jochen Landgraf Otto Hasekamp Ilse Aben. September 13, 2006, KNMI. Three questions. Multiple scattering. Multiple Raman scattering? Polarization? Dependence on input solar spectrum?. Measured GOME spectra.
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Modeling rotational Raman scattering in the Earth’s atmosphere Rutger van Deelen Jochen Landgraf Otto Hasekamp Ilse Aben September 13, 2006, KNMI
Three questions Multiple scattering. Multiple Raman scattering? Polarization? Dependence on input solar spectrum?
Measured GOME spectra solar irradiance spectrum Earth radiance spectrum
Rotational Raman scattering AIR (N2, O2) Cabannes 96 % elastic Raman 4 % inelastic Raman
Perturbation theory approach Doubling-addingapproach multiple orders of Raman scattering, comes out naturally, scalar one order of Raman scattering, fast, vector wP wP wP wP wP A
Rayleigh optical thickness tray(l) single scattering albedo wray(l) Pray phase function Q
Rayleigh Cabannes + Raman optical thickness tray(l) tray(l’) = tcab(l’) + S tram(l,l’) l total elastic inelastic wcab(l) inelastic single scattering albedo wram(l,l’) wray(l) w(l,l’) Pray Pcab phase function Q Q Pram
Doubling-adding approach R T Rab a b Tab
Perturbation theory approach: based on the Green’s function (z’,l’,W’) a b (z,l,W)
Perturbation theory approach: based on the Green’s function G = G(z,l,W;z’,l’,W’) (z’,l’,W’) a G b arrow includes multiple scattering! (z,l,W) describes how the atmosphere responds to light
Perturbation theory approach: based on the Green’s function b a source and target are fixed G arrow includes multiple scattering! Dyson series G = Gray – Gray [ D Gray ] + Gray [ D Gray ]2 – Gray [ D Gray ]3+ …
Perturbation theory approach: expansion of the Green’s function b a Gray Rayleigh
Perturbation theory approach: expansion of the Green’s function b a b a Gray Gray Gray - D for all Rayleigh + 1 order of Raman Rayleigh
Perturbation theory approach: expansion of the Green’s function b a b a b a Gray Gray Gray Gray D Gray - ... - D + D Gray for all for all Rayleigh + 1 order of Raman Rayleigh + 2 orders of Raman Rayleigh
Perturbation theory approach: expansion of the Green’s function b a b a b a Gray Gray Gray Gray D bw Gray - ... + D + D Gray for all for all Rayleigh + 1 order of Raman Rayleigh + 2 orders of Raman Rayleigh
Comparison pert - da Filling-in [%]
Comparison pert - da Filling-in [%] Difference pert - da
Polarization Stokes vector
Neglect of polarization Error continuum [%] scalar -vector Error filling-in [%] scalar -vector
The simulated Ring effect depends on the input solar spectrum
Using a retrieved solar spectrum instead Clear sky land
Conclusion Radiative transfer problem including Raman scattering involves scattering from one direction to another direction & from a certain wavelength to another wavelength Challenge Answers 1.Neglecting multiple Raman scattering: errors < 0.6 % 2.Neglecting polarization: errors < 0.2 % on filling-in Scalar approach can be used to simulate Ring effect. Polarization effects mainly due to elastically scattered radiation. 3. Different input solar spectra: differences up to 8% Solution: construct a solar spectrum on a high resolution wavelength grid from the measurements. Better than 0.5%.
Thank you for your attention www.sron.nl/raman r.van.deelen@sron.nl
The doubling-adding product Involves integration over all possible angles AND all possible wavelengths (Use optimized wavelength grid, only relevant bins)
Optimizing the wavelength grid w w (w+ww)/2 order of scattering (w+ww+www)/3 wavenumber shift [cm-1]
Optimizing the wavelength grid w w threshold (w+ww)/2 order of scattering (w+ww+www)/3 wavenumber shift [cm-1]
Polarization: the phase matrix elements P11cab P21cab P22cab P33cab P44cab Q Q Q Q Q P11ram P21ram P22ram P33ram P44ram P34 = 0
How much multiple Raman scattering? reflectivity total Raman scattering fraction multiple Raman scattering fraction