Agenda

1. What values and loyalties, if any, must be shared by communities and individuals in all parts of Britain? What is Britain's understanding of itself? Stand points Anti-Nationalism- Liberal- Anti- Immigrant

2. Agenda • Britishness Considerations • What it is to be British http://www.ethnos.co.uk/pdfs/9_what_is_britishness_CRE.pdf

6. Coy adjective (coyer, coyest) • 1(especially with reference to a woman) making a pretence of shyness or modesty which is intended to be alluring: she treated him to a coy smile of invitation • 2 reluctant to give details about something regarded as sensitive: he is coy about his age

7. Considerations-Why do We Need to? • post war migration- Coming to Britain, what is it? • Devolution- Scotland • Globalisation- Multiculturalism Integration • the end of empire • moral and cultural pluralism • closer association with Europe- EU • Exacerbated recent terrorist attacks in the UK

8. Considerations • post war migration- Where are people coming to? • 1948 non-white population estimated at 30,000

9. Considerations Devolution- Scotland 1707- 2014? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiqnOjCiTyM Cameron United Kingdom

10. Considerations Globalisation- Multiculturalism Integration ‘Are they My poor?’: The problem of altruism in the world of strangers

11. The data highlights increased ethnic diversity in England and Wales since the 2001 census, with the proportion of white British people having dropped from 87.5% to 80.5% of the population.

12. Considerations The End of An Empire

13. Dominion status & Development of The British Commonwealth pre-1949 • End of the First World War- Dominions began seeking a new constitutional definition and reshaping their relationship with Britain. • Imperial Conference in 1926 -The Balfour Report defined the Dominions (Canada, Newfoundland, Union of South Africa, Irish Free State, Australia and New Zealand) as autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate to one another, common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. • statute of Westminster in 1931 confirmation of autonomy

14. Imperialism: a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means (From a Latin word imperium meaning ‘supreme power’) Oxford University Dictionary

15. Considerations moral and cultural pluralism

16. Considerations Closer Association with Europe

17. Considerations Exacerbated recent terrorist attacks in the UK

18. What is Britishness • Geography • National symbols • People • Values and Attitudes • Cultural Habits and Behaviour • Citizenship • Language • Achievements

19. What is Britishness Geography British Isles • topographic features, Scottish Highlands, lochs, Welsh valleys, and rolling hills

20. What is Britishness- National symbols

21. What is Britishness- People British citizens (that is, those who hold UK passports), regardless of region or ethnicity British were exclusively associated with white English people British included people of very diverse ethnic origins

22. What are Britishness Values and Attitudes • upholding human rights and Freedoms • respect for the rule of law • fairness, tolerance and respect for others • reserve and pride (generally valued by white English participants and criticised by white Scottish and white Welsh participants, as well as those from ethnic minority backgrounds)

23. What are Britishness Values and Attitudes • strong work ethic, community spirit, mutual help, stoicism Remembrance Day  memorial 11 November to recall the end of hostilities of World War I on that date in 1918.

24. What is Britishness Values and Attitudes Compassion, and drunkenness, hooliganism and yobbishness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Iv3g8ZLkYA Jeremy Kyle video

25. What is Britishness Cultural Habits and Behaviour • Queuing • watching and supporting football, cricket and rugby • food and drink such as ‘fish and chips’, ‘English breakfast’, ‘Yorkshire pudding’, ‘cream teas’, ‘cucumber sandwiches’, ‘roast beef’, ‘Sunday lunch’, ‘curries’ and ‘beer’

27. "Our cultural diversity is one of the reasons why Britain continues to be the preferred location for multinational companies setting up in Europe," said Cook Chicken tikka masala, said Cook in 2001, "is now a true British national dish not only because it is the most popular, but because it is a perfect illustration of the way Britain absorbs and adapts external influences." A dry Indian dish adapted with sauce "to satisfy the desire of British people to have their meat served in gravy".

28. What is Britishness Citizenship For Scottish and Welsh participants, and for most participants from ethnic minority backgrounds, Britishness was very much associated with holding a UK passport. This was not salient among white English participants

29. What is Britishness Language English was seen as a common language that unites the British people. The array of British accents (in terms of regional and class differences) was also seen as typically British.

30. What is Britishness Achievements • political and historical achievements establishment of parliamentary democracy • empire and colonialism • technological and scientific achievements (the industrial revolution, medical discoveries) • sporting achievements (the invention of many sports); and ‘pop’ cultural achievements.

31. Identification with Britishness • important differences in the ways in which participants personally related to, and identified with, Britishness • In Scotland and Wales, white and ethnic minority participants identified more strongly with each of those countries than with Britain.

32. Identification with Britishness • In England, white English participants perceived themselves as English first and as British second.

33. Identification with Britishness • Ethnic minorities perceived themselves as British none identified as English, which they saw as meaning exclusively white people. Thus, the participants who identified most strongly with Britishness were those from ethnic minority backgrounds resident in England.

34. Identification with Britishness • Ethnic minority participants also drew on other sources of identification: • religion (for Muslims only) • ethnicity (region, country or continent of origins, and their associated cultures) • race or colour (for black Caribbean and black African participants only). These various identities became more or less salient in different situations. They were seen as being compatible with Britishness. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24302914

35. The Meaning of Success • Unifying concept-common view of what constitutes success • Success was equated with achievement, and as the outcome of personal qualities; those who show ambition, determination, drive, persistence, single-mindedness, creativity and who work hard, regardless of ethnicity, religion or class, can all be successful.

36. Private Sphere Success • quality of life manifested (demonstrate) through: • good health • financial freedom • happiness • good family life

37. Public Sphere Success • wealth • fame • leadership • positive contribution to society • five areas: sports business, politics, entertainment, and science and technology. • ethnic minority participants appeared to place greater value on the idea of making a positive contribution to society as a whole rather than achieving success for oneself

38. Britishness Vocabulary • Imperial • Pluralism • Secular • Devolution

39. Britain a Mongrel Nation?