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Chapter 15 Lewis Acids and Bases

Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. 2. Arrhenius Theory. HCl ionizes in water,producing H and Cl ions. NaOH dissociates in water,producing Na and OH ions. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. 3. Brnsted-Lowry Theory. acid is H donor, base is H acceptorHA :B ? :A HB . Tro, Chemis

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Chapter 15 Lewis Acids and Bases

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    1. Chapter 15 Lewis Acids and Bases

    2. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 2 Arrhenius Theory

    3. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 3 Brnsted-Lowry Theory acid is H donor, base is H acceptor HA + :B ? :A + HB+

    4. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4 Lewis Acid - Base Theory electron sharing electron donor = Lewis Base = nucleophile must have a lone pair of electrons electron acceptor = Lewis Acid = electrophile electron deficient

    5. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 5 Lewis Acid - Base Theory when Lewis Base gives electrons from lone pair to Lewis Acid, a covalent bond forms between the molecules Nucleophile: + Electrophile ? Nucleophile:Electrophile product called an adduct

    6. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 6 Lewis Acid - Base Reactions

    7. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 7 Lewis Acid - Base Reactions

    8. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 8 Practice - Complete the Following Lewis Acid-Base Reactions Label the Nucleophile and Electrophile BF3 + HF ? CaO + SO3 ? KI + I2 ?

    9. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 9 Practice - Complete the Following Lewis Acid-Base Reactions Label the Nucleophile and Electrophile BF3 + HF ? H+1BF4-1 CaO + SO3 ? Ca+2SO4-2 KI + I2 ? KI3

    10. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 10 Lewis Acid - Base Theory other acid-base reactions also Lewis

    11. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 11 Lewis Acid - Base Theory

    12. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 12 Strengths of Binary Acids

    13. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 13 Strengths of Binary Acids the more d+ H-X d- polarized the bond, the more acidic the bond the stronger the H-X bond, the weaker the acid binary acid strength increases to the right across a period H-C < H-N < H-O < H-F binary acid strength increases down the column H-F < H-Cl < H-Br < H-I

    14. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 14 Oxyacids, H-O-Y

    15. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 15 Strengths of Oxyacids, H-O-Y the more electronegative the Y atom, the stronger the acid helps weakens the H-O bond the more oxygens attached to Y, the stronger the acid further weakens and polarizes the H-O bond

    16. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 16 Strengths of Oxyacids, H-O-Y

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