Standard Bank Group Precious Metals

1. The fonts, font sizes, colours & styles have been set according to the guidelines laid down by the Marketing Division. Please do not change any of the above. Standard Bank Group Precious Metals Financing And Hedging Techniques For The Gold Jewellery Industry Dubai, 21st February 2005 Jeffrey Rhodes

2. Agenda • What Is Hedging? • Why Hedge? • How To Hedge? • Futures • Forwards • Options • OTC Products • Gold Loans • Some Lessons • A Glimpse Into The Future

3. What is Hedging? Some simple, and not so simple, definitions are: ‘Any technique designed to reduce or eliminate financial risk; for example, taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change’ ‘A hedging transaction is a purchase or sale of a financial product, having as its purpose the elimination of loss arising from price fluctuations. With regards to currency transactions it would protect one against fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate’ ‘A strategy designed to reduce investment risk using call options, put options, short selling or futures contracts. A hedge can help lock in existing profits. Examples include a position in a futures market to offset the position held in a cash market, holding a security and selling that security short and a call option against a shorted stock. A perfect hedge eliminates the possibility for a future gain or loss. An imperfect hedge insures against a portion of the loss’ The focus of today’s presentation is the hedging of physical gold holdings to protect merchants against adverse movements in the underlying gold price

4. Why Hedge? In today’s world of gold a crucial fact to note is that the amount of newly mined gold each year is virtually matched by gold jewellery consumption. In 2003 new mine production was 2,593 tonnes, according to GFMS, compared to annual jewellery fabrication demand of 2,531 tonnes. In other words the gold jewellery industry underpins the global gold market The wholesalers and retailers that make up this market are, or should be, more concerned with generating profit from the difference between ‘the making charge’ they pay to jewellery manufacturers and revenue generated from jewellery sales rather than the underlying price of gold bullion It is crucial for physical merchants to minimise their exposure to the inherent speculative elements of the international gold market so that they can ensure their business remains healthy in all market conditions and is not hurt by excessive volatility in the international gold price caused by factors completely outside of their control In my view a physical gold merchant that does not hedge the value of inventory held is a in fact a speculator

5. How to Hedge? There are a number of traditional hedging techniques that are used by international gold bullion and jewellery traders and merchants to safeguard, or insure, the underlying value of their physical gold assets using a variety of financial markets and instruments. These include: Futures Forwards Options OTC products such as the metal trading facility or unfixed accounts, specifically designed for the physical gold market.

6. Futures There are a number of International Futures Exchanges which offer gold futures contracts the major one being the COMEX Division of the New York Mercantile Exchange, while in India there are two relatively new but flourishing regional exchanges, MCX and NCDEX. The use of futures as a hedging tool is popular, however as with anything there are arguments for and against PROS CONS Price transparency Liquidity can be poor Well regulated Transaction costs Low credit risk Inflexible maturities Low original margin Lack of confidentiality Small size tickets Price volatility

7. Forwards Forwards are used by both producers and consumers, products include Swaps, Fixed or Outright Forwards, Floating Forwards, Spot Deferred Contracts, Forward Rate Agreements Gold fabricators, principally the gold jewellery industry, can match their purchases of physical gold with their production schedules Gold jewellery demand is seasonal, peaking at certain times of the year, such as prior to Diwali, Wedding Seasons, Christmas, Chinese New Year, Eid Holidays, the circumcision season in Turkey. Instead of waiting until the metal is needed and risking having to pay higher gold prices, the jeweller can buy for forward dates that match their fabrication plans if the spot price falls to what is considered to be an attractively cheap level While having obvious benefits in ‘normal markets’, this hedging practice can prove costly if demand does not match expectations due for example to an unexpected downturn in regional economies, an increase in geo-political tensions, or simply a change in fashion

8. Options Options are often misunderstood as speculative instruments that help to cause unnecessary and unwanted price volatility, however the truth is that an option is a form of price insurance and is a crucial tool in managing price risk and exposure Options can be traded on an ‘Over The Counter’ basis with a bullion bank, or on a futures market suchas the COMEX • Exchange traded options are typically American style • OTC options are usually European style, can be Asian Buying a Call gives the option purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy a specifiedquantity of metal at a previously agreed upon price (strike price) at a previously agreedupon date (expiry date). By paying a premium, the buyer controls the upside risk, whileretaining advantages of a downward price move Selling a Put - In exchange for collecting premium, the put seller has a contingent obligationto buy a specified quantity of metal at a previously agreed upon price (strike) at a previouslyagreed upon date (expiry). A consumer with a buying target below the market could sellputs struck at that target price and will collect premium regardless of whether that level isreached

9. Over The Counter Products The Metal Trading Facility is the classic, tailor made OTC product that was developed specifically to meet the needs of the physical gold markets of the Middle East and South East Asia The product is also known as a Deferred Settlement Facility or Margin Trading Account, andcan be regarded as an undated forward which eliminates the need to roll positions forwardeach day. In Dubai it is called an ‘Unfixed Account’ It is effectively an exchange of assets with the gold merchant buying gold from a bullion bank, paying thecurrency equivalent of the gold plus an an agreed margin to protect against adverse market moves, butnot actually fixing the final price to be be paid. The client’s currency account with the bank is credited withthe money paid in and simultaneously the client’s gold account is debited with the ounce equivalent This short paper position perfectly hedges the physical metal held until such time as the merchant sells atwhich point the hedge is lifted, I.e. the client’s currency account is debited and gold credited While the MTF position is open with the bank the client receives interest on his credit currency balanceand is charged interest on the debit gold balance

10. Gold Loans Probably the most straight forward and commonsense method of financing that simultaneously hedges gold price exposure for a physical gold merchant Simply by borrowing gold rather than cash to finance the growth of his business the gold merchant creates a paper liability that equally matches the physical assets held either in the form of jewellery, bullion or scrap. The monetary value of both sides of the balance sheet will rise and fall in equal proportion In order to maintain the hedge the physical merchant should replenish stocks as sales are made or certainly within a very short period of time in order to avoid creating an exposure to the gold price Gold loan rates should be cheaper than currency borrowings – over a ten year period the three months gold LIBOR rate has averaged just under 1% per annum A potential problem is margin calls on the paper liability from merchant’s bank, however a flexible financial institution will understand that their client’s liquidity is held in the form of gold rather than cash and should be willing to accept gold bullion or jewellery as call margin

11. Some lessons …… Hedging of physical gold holdings means protecting against adverse movements in the underlying gold price There are a wide range of simple hedging products available to physical gold merchants Make more use of options, view them as an insurance not a speculative product Adopt the ‘Unfixed Account’ approach, gives flexibility Remember that a physical gold merchant that does not hedge the value of inventory held is a in fact a speculator

12. A Glimpse Into The Future …… Imagine a financing product for the gold jewellery industry that: • Eliminates exposure to the international gold price • Requires no original cash margin • Is not subject to variation or call margin • Reduces financing costs • Reduces making charges • Frees up capital • Allows complete flexibility of supply • Is highly relevant to Dubai’s Gold Souk but has global potential A pipedream or could it be a reality? The answer is a reality, the solution has arrived. Standard Bank has partnered with key players in Dubai’s vibrant gold market to develop an innovative gold jewellery financing tool, based on new technology, that has these attributes and we plan to roll out the product to the market over the next few months. Thank you - Questions Please?

13. About Standard Bank Standard Bank Group (SBG) SBG was established in Port Elizabeth, South Africa in 1862 as The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited and is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange under the name Standard Bank Group Limited. SBG is the largest banking group in Africa as measured by market capitalisation, over $8 billion as at the end of 2003, with assets exceeding $81 billion, and it has representation in 39 countries across the globe. Headquartered in Johannesburg, SBG has approximately 37,000 employees globally. Standard International Holdings S.A. (SIH) SIH is the Luxembourg based holding company for the international investment banking activities of SBG. SIH’s principal subsidiaries are Standard Bank London Limited, Standard Bank Asia Limited, Standard New York Securities Inc., and new banking subsidiaries established in 2003 in Brazil (Banco Standard de Investimentos SA) and Russia (Zao Standard Bank). Standard Bank London Limited (SBL) Established in 1992, SBL is the focal point for the international merchant banking activities of SBG, specialising in Natural Resources and Emerging Markets. SBL is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority.

14. Where is Standard Bank for Precious Metals?

15. Exchange Traded and OTC Markets SBG is a market leader in the global precious metals markets with an unrivalled reputation for delivering fast, effective and innovative solutions to meet our customers requirements. Central Banks Investors and Institutions Deposits Trading facilities Swaps Investment products Reserve management Risk management ProducersIndustrial Users Jewellers Physical sales Physical purchases Physical purchases Refining Consignments Consignments Risk management Trading facilities Trading facilities Finance and advisory Risk management Risk management Finance and advisory

16. Precious Metals - Contacts Telephone Reuters Code SBL London Trading Desk * +44 207 815 4210 STPM New York Trading Desk +1 212 407 5114 STNN (member of National Association of Securities Dealers, registered as a broker dealer with SEC) Hong Kong Trading Desk +852 2822 7888 STDH (regulated by Hong Kong Monetary Authority) Singapore Trading Desk +65 6533 7086 STDS (regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore) Johannesburg Trading Desk +27 11 378 8508 SCMG (regulated by the Reserve Bank of South Africa) Zao Standard Bank (Russia) +7 095 783 3800 (regulated by the Central Bank of Russia) Dubai Rep Office * +9714 3300011 Peru Rep Office * +511 445 9696 Shanghai Rep Office * +8621 6841 2666 Sydney Rep Office * +612 8221 0600 Turkey Rep Office * +90 212 323 4888 * Standard Bank London Ltd and all its Representative Offices are authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority

17. Disclaimer Authorised and Regulated by the Financial Services Authority Whilst every care has been taken in preparing this document, no representation, warranty, or undertaking (express or implied) is given and no responsibility or liability is accepted by any member of the Standard Bank Group, or any of its employees as to the completeness or accuracy of the information contained herein, nor that the information remains unchanged. This document does not constitute an offer to buy or sell the commodities referred to herein or a recommendation or invitation by the Standard Bank Group to the recipient to buy or sell. In deciding whether to buy or sell, or take or not take any other action in respect of or in connection with the commodities discussed in this report, the recipient should make its own investigation of all the relevant parties and commodities and should not rely on anything stated herein. This document is solely for distribution to institutional investors and must not be distributed to UK private customers.