World War I

1. World War I “The War to End All Wars…” The Great War

2. 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI Eastern Europe at this time was seen as “The Powder Keg of Europe” because tension was so high between the nations it could explode into conflict at any time 4 MAIN Long-Term Causes: MAIN ILITARISM LLIANCES MPERIALISM ATIONALISM

3. 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI MAIN Countries across Europe raced to build up the biggest, strongest armies with the most up-to-date weapons and technologies. ILITARISM LLIANCES MPERIALISM ATIONALISM

4. 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI Countries across Europe raced to build up the biggest, strongest armies with the most up-to-date weapons and technologies. MAIN ILITARISM As tensions increased and armies grew, countries made alliances with one another. An attack on one country would force other countries to join and protect their allies. LLIANCES MPERIALISM ATIONALISM

5. 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI Countries across Europe raced to build up the biggest, strongest armies with the most up-to-date weapons and technologies. MAIN ILITARISM As tensions increased and armies grew, countries made alliances with one another. An attack on one country would force other countries to join and protect their allies. LLIANCES Countries wanted to expand their wealth, influence, and territories outside of Europe. Competition for new colonies in Asia and Africa added to the tension. MPERIALISM ATIONALISM

6. 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI Countries across Europe raced to build up the biggest, strongest armies with the most up-to-date weapons and technologies. MAIN ILITARISM As tensions increased and armies grew, countries made alliances with one another. An attack on one country would force other countries to join and protect their allies. LLIANCES Countries wanted to expand their wealth, influence, and territories outside of Europe. Competition for new colonies in Asia and Africa added to the tension. MPERIALISM Strong feelings of loyalty, pride, and patriotism for your country. Led to intolerance between countries. ATIONALISM

7. 4 M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI MAIN Countries across Europe raced to build up the biggest, strongest armies with the most up-to-date weapons and technologies. ILITARISM As tensions increased and armies grew, countries made alliances with one another. An attack on one country would force other countries to join and protect their allies. LLIANCES Countries wanted to expend their wealth, influence, and territories outside of Europe. Competition for new colonies in Asia and Africa added to the tension. MPERIALISM ATIONALISM Strong feelings of loyalty, pride, and patriotism for your country. Led to intolerance between countries.

8. The SPARK that led to WW I June 28, 1914 – Sarajevo (in current day Bosnia) Gavrilo Princip – a 19 yr-old member The Black Hand, a group of Serbian nationalists, assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand Gavrilo Princip

9. The SPARK that led to WW I June 28, 1914 – Sarajevo (in current day Bosnia) Gavrilo Princip – a 19 yr-old member The Black Hand, a group of Serbian nationalists, assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Ferdinand was the heir to the throne for the Austria-Hungararian Empire Gavrilo Princip

10. The SPARK that led to WW I June 28, 1914 – Sarajevo (in current day Bosnia) Gavrilo Princip – a 19 yr-old member The Black Hand, a group of Serbian nationalists, assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Ferdinand was the heir to the throne for the Austria-Hungararian Empire Gavrilo Princip Angered by the assassination of their Prince, the A-H Empire declares war on Serbia

11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Ferdinand and Family Illustration of the Assassination

12. WAR!!!

13. Serbia Germany France Austria-Hungarian Empire Britain Ottoman Empire EuropeDivided Allied Powers(Triple Entente) Central Powers

14. 10 Minute Notes Quiz • Why was World War One (WWI) called “The Great War” and not World War One? • What are the 4 “MAIN” causes of WWI? • What was the “spark” that set off WWI? • What 3 countries made up the “Allied Powers”? • What 3 nations made up the “Central Powers”? • … coming up today … • Which side of the war (Allied / Central) will the US come in on? • What are 3 new technologies that made WWI more deadly than any previous war?

16. Where is the USA? Since the American Revolution in 1776, the United States had practiced ISOLATIONISM – meaning the US tried not to interfere in any international disputes that did not directly affect the USA • President Wilson wanted to stay NUETRAL to both sides at the onset of the war… • USA has a relatively small military compared to today • Wilson did not want to commit to one side • Traded with BOTH sides (Britain and Germany) $ $ $ $ $ $ President Woodrow Wilson • Both sides wanted the US to come in on their “team” • US favors Allies (Britain & France) HOWEVER…

17. The Sinking of The Lusitania

18. The Sinking of The Lusitania May 7, 1915 • Germany suspects that the US is sneaking weapons & ammunitions to the Allied Powers by hiding them in merchant vessels (non-military) • - Germany fires upon The Lusitania as it nears Ireland • - Sinks in only 18 minutes • - 1,198 people killed (128 Americans)

19. !! FURIOUS !! The Sinking of The Lusitania Germans fall out of favor with US, but US maintains isolation from the war American sentiment leans ever more towards the Allied Forces

20. The Zimmerman Telegram

21. The Zimmerman Telegram • Sent by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmerman to Mexican Government • Intercepted and Decoded by British military who sent it to the USA Why Would They DO That?! > Germany did not want the USA to enter into the war on the Allied side> Germany thought that it was winning the war and would soon defeat Britain and the other Allies > Germany wanted Mexico to distract the USA so they could win

22. ¡ NO WAY! The Zimmerman Telegram To sweeten the deal, Germany promised: 1. to provide Mexico with financial assistance to fight the US AND 2. that after they won, they could reclaim what the Americans had taken/won (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona)

23. On The Homefront: Privately owned factories built during the Industrial Revolution are converted from making goods and novelties to building and manufacturing goods that aid the war effort As men leave factory jobs to go fight in Europe, women are given an opportunity to join the workforce… what will happen when the men come back?? “The world must be made safe for democracy… and the freedom of the seas” –President Woodrow Wilson America Enters the War… April 6, 1917 > America declares war on Germany and its allies The US military force is very weak… - mostly because the US had practiced Isolationism for so long it had not needed a large army… but the US economy is STRONG! $$ The US can only send 200,000 troops to start

24. 10 Minute Notes Quiz(For Real) • What is Militarism? • What is Imperialism? • What 2 events lead America to declare war on Germany? Deets plz! Lulz! • In what year did the USA enter WWI? • Describe 2 new technologies that were used during WWI.

25. “War is H{eck}!” Troops on both sides of the fight were ill-prepared to wage the new kind of war being fought. The ability to mass produce weapons and new technologies (Industrial Revolution) resulted in large numbers of casualties for both sides. • New Technology and the War: • machine guns • flamethrowers • grenades • first fighter planes / zeppelins • first tanks • chemical warfare / deadly gases • A Whole Other Way to Go… • trench warfare • “No Man’s Land” • trench foot • poor medical conditions

26. New Technologies: German U-Boats • U-Boats: “Unterseeboot” • German submarines • Patrolled waters in the Atlantic Ocean • Slow and fragile, but very dangerous because of torpedoes • Germans adopt Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Attack any ship near European waters

27. New Technologies: Guns British Machine Gun & Troops • German Machine Gun • - shot 500 rounds per minute • - Water-cooled barrel • Germans produced more than 110,000 during war

28. New Technologies: Weapons Flamethrowers Shot flames up to 50 feet

29. New Technologies: Weapons

30. New Technologies: Chemical Warfare

31. New Technologies: Chemical Warfare

32. New Technologies: Tanks

33. New Technologies: Zeppelins

34. New Technologies: Fighter Planes

35. In the Trenches

37. Trench Foot! • Similar to frostbite, except it can occur in nearly any temperature • Occurs with prolonged exposure to moisture/wetness of the feet • Can be avoided by keeping feet dry or changing socks regularly • If left untreated, gangrene may set in and amputation is usually required

38. World War I Ends… On the “eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” Germany officially signed an armistice agreement ( November 11, 1919 @ 11:00 am ) Armistice:: temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement between the opponents :TRUCE Armistice Day, now known as Veteran’s Day, is still celebrated on the 11th day of November

39. World War I Ends… On the “eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” Germany officially signed an armistice agreement ( November 11, 1919 @ 11:00 am ) Armistice:: temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement between the opponents :TRUCE Armistice Day, now known as Veteran’s Day, is still celebrated on the 11th day of November

40. World War I Ends… On the “eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” Germany officially signed an armistice agreement ( November 11, 1919 @ 11:00 am ) Armistice:: temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement between the opponents :TRUCE Armistice Day, now known as Veteran’s Day, is still celebrated on the 11th day of November

41. Treaty of Versailles • Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany: • had to give back much of the land it had conquered, including overseas colonies • could not raise an army larger than 100,000 soldiers • had to stop producing ALL military-related goods (weapons, tanks, etc) • Had to take ALL the responsibility for starting the war (war guilt) AND pay the Allies £ 6.6 billion • Treaty of Versailles was “signed” six months after Armistice Day • German government was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles • Germany not pleased with the terms of the agreement

42. Wilson’s Fourteen Points January 1918 President Woodrow Wilson delivers a speech in which he outlines his Fourteen Points to re-unify Europe and bring peace and prosperity to every nation Contributed to the Central Powers’ surrender because they felt they would be treated justly and fairly Showed President Wilson’s Progressive style

43. League of Nations Wilson’s 14th Point: "A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike." Even though the League of Nations was Wilson’s brainchild, the United States never joined it… The Allied Powers (and much of Europe) embraced the idea of the League of Nations in hopes that it would prevent further conflicts. The League of Nations worked for twenty years until World War II broke out

44. League of Nations

45. Random WWI Stuff…

46. Gavrilo Princip in custody after the assassination

47. Actual copy of the code version of the Zimmerman Telegram/Note sent from Germany to Mexico