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Dear Readers,

Dear Readers, The slides convey information predominantly, but not exclusively about the Natural Resources of Oromia. Targeted readers are the youth in Diaspora, who might have alienated themselves from their roots and also the interested general public.

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  1. Dear Readers, The slides convey information predominantly, but not exclusively about the Natural Resources of Oromia. Targeted readers are the youth in Diaspora, who might have alienated themselves from their roots and also the interested general public. Extra visual items such as photos and usage of colors have been included to make the document palatable and attractive for the youth. There is no doubt whatsoever that there might be errors in the presentations, Qubee spellings, interpretations, etc. A considerable amount of information might have been missed, predominantly due to lack of access to references. I, therefore, urge all compatriots to edit, add, delete, supplement and improve whatever you deem is necessary to attain a perfection of this document which belongs to all of us. For any constructive comments, I can be reached at:- banjawkano@gmail.com Kano Banjaw, Ph. D. USA

  2. NATURAL RESOURCES OROMIA

  3. The land of the Oromo Nation is known as OROMIA It is located on the Horn of Africa within the Ethiopianempire.

  4. As can be seen from the map above, the geographical boundaries of Oromia are to the: - 1. South ------------- Kenya 2. East --------------- Ogadenia 3. North East ------- Afar 4. West ---------------Republic of the Sudan, and the State of Benishangul/Gumuz 5. North ------------ Abyssinia proper (Tigray and Amhara) 6. South West ------Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s as well as the State of Gambella

  5. The following map shows that Oromia is located approximately between: - 3 Degrees and 15 Degrees North Latitude and 33 Degrees and 40 Degrees East Longitude. Even so, the map depicts the current Oromia Zone only and does not include areas occupied by Wallo Oromo in the Amara region as well as Raya-Azebo Oromo annexed by the Tigrai Zone. The authentic regions claimed by the Oromo Nation are indicated in slide three above.

  6. Topography Oromia has a land surface area of approximately 375,000 square kilometers, and makes about 32% of the Ethiopian empire. Even so, the size estimate could exceed the current figure if territories occupied by Wallo Oromo and Raya-Azebo Oromo were included. The Great Rift Valley, that extends from Lebanon to Mozambique and passes through Oromia, bisects the land into eastern and western plateaus.

  7. The elevation of the land ranges from less than 500 meters to well over 4,500 meters above sea level. The highlands have an average elevation of about 2,500 meters above sea level. They occupy About 48% of the total land surface of Oromia. Areas between 1,000 meters and 1,500 meters above sea level constitute 38%, while regions below 1,000 meters make up the rest.

  8. Based on this factor, the altitude of the land and its climatic • conditions, Oromia is divided into three geographic regions. • The Western/Central Highlands that extend westwards from • the Great Rift Valley. These include Shawa, Wallaga, Illubabor • and Jimma. • The Eastern Highlands stretch eastwards from the escarpments • of the Great Rift Valley to Somalia. The regions located within • this plateau are Harrarge, Bale, Arsi and Borana. • The Great Rift Valley occupies the floor of the area between • the two highlands and covers the eastern and southern • lowlands of Oromia.

  9. 80% of the total human population and 70% of the livestock of Oromia are found in the highlands . This region also accounts for 90% of the croplands as well as economic activities of Oromia.

  10. The most notable highest mountains of Oromia are usually located in the eastern and central/western highlands. NameRegion Altitude Batu Bale 4373m Qaqa Arsi 4245m Cillallo Arsi 4170m Arba Gugu Arsi 2625m Muldhata Harrarge 3405m Sallale North Shawa 3544m 7. Wanchi West Shawa 3387m

  11. Climate of Oromia

  12. Though close to the equator, the climatic conditions of Oromia are mild and favorable. The average annual temperature in the highlands is about 20 Degrees Celsius. In the lowlands, it is about 30 Degrees Centigrade There are two main rainy seasons in Oromia. In most parts, the major rainy season extends from June to September, while the October to May period is considered as the dry season.

  13. Generally, there are four seasons recognized by the Oromo people. • These are: - • 1. Birraa (Spring) = Transitional period between Rainy • and Dry Seasons • Bona ( Summer) = Dry Season • Arfaassa ( Autumn/Fall) = Small Rainy Season • 4. Ganna (Winter)= Big Rainy Season

  14. The highest amount of rainfall of over 2,000 mm is experienced in the western highlands. Rainfall decreases to the east and southeast. These regions receive scanty rainfall. The most southern regions are considered as rangelands. Rangelands are arid to semi-arid regions, where the annual precipitation can sustain grasses and thorny bushes only and does not favor extensive farming. Therefore, the lowlands are occupied predominantly by Pastoralists. They are also utilized for some kind of irrigation farming.

  15. Administrative Divisions of Oromia Oromia is divided into the following 12 Administrative Zones: - 1. Western Wallaga 7. Jimma 2. Eastern Wallaga 8. Arsii 3. Illubabor 9. Eastern Harrage 4. Eastern Shawa 10. Western Harrage 5. Western Shawa 11. Bale 6. Northern Shawa 12. Borana The whole region is again divided into a total of 180 Waradas or Districts.

  16. The Oromo Population

  17. The Oromo constitute approximately 45% of the currently estimated 85 million human population of the Ethiopian empire. With this figure, the Oromo rank as the single biggest nationality in East Africa.

  18. Bareedaa Saba Oromoo Oromoo the Beautiful

  19. People of Oromo origin are also found in Kenya (see following map). The overall locations inhabited by these nationalities, and the names by which they are known are indicated in the following map. However, the distribution in Kenya does not include Oromo settlement in the Lamu Island located in the Indian Ocean.

  20. AFAAN OROMOO

  21. Afaan Oromoo • The Oromo language is known as Afaan Oromoo or Oromiffaa. • It is one of the Cushitic languages such as:- • Soomalii • Affaar • Issaa • Saahoo • Sidaammaa • Geedeo and • Ancient Egypt (see next picture) • These language are and were also widely spoken in East Africa.

  22. Oromo from ancient memorial

  23. Afaan Oromoo is spoken in the Ethiopian empire by well over 50 million people as well as in some parts of East Africa, especially in Kenya. This figure makes Afaan Oromoo as the Lingua Franca of the Horn of Africa. Afaan Oromoo is also the second most widely spoken Language in Sub-Saharan-Africa.

  24. Agricultural Resources of Oromia

  25. Agricultural Resources of Oromia The predominant economic sector of Oromia is based upon agriculture. This sector accounts for 51% of food production of the Ethiopian empire. Thus, Oromia is the single major source of food supplier of the empire. Oromia also produces 63% of Ethiopia’s agricultural export. In addition, Oromia possess the largest livestock population of the Ethiopian empire.

  26. This is substantiated by the following figures, which shows the livestock resources of Oromia during the year 2005. Oromia Livestock Species % of Ethiopian Livestock Population 1. Cattle 45 2. Sheep 40 3. Goats 33 4. Horses 66 5. Mule 46 6. Donkey 42 7. Camel 33 8. Poultry 39 9. Bee Hives 60

  27. Agricultural Zones of Oromia • Oromia is divided into four agricultural production systems. • 1. The Barley-Wheat-Livestock Production System • Regions in the Category: Arsi, Bale, East Wallaga, North Shawa • Crops Grown: Barley, wheat, oats, xaffi, beans, peas, lentils. • 2. The Mixed Crop-Livestock Production System • This system is practiced in almost all zones. • Crops: Wheat, maize, sorghum, barley, oats, pulses, oil crops, caat, beans • 3. The Enset- Cereal- Livestock Production System • Regions in this category: Jimma to Walliso zones as well as in the • highlands of Borana. • Crops: Enset, maize, xaffi, millet, wheat, oats, barley, pulses, taro, yam, sweet potato, • coffee, oil crops (nuggi, linseed, castor beans, pigeon peas, etc. • 4. The Pastoralists - Livestock Production System • This system is practiced in Borana and to some extent in the Great Rift Valley. • Animals reared: Cattle, sheep, goats, and in some cases camel.

  28. Plants grown for Food in Oromia Oromo NameEnglish Name 1. Kottee Harree Potato yam 2. Jirbii Cotton 3. Karshuuf Artichoke 4. Kefoo Basil 5. Kotatee Cow Pea 6. Qamadii Bread wheat 7. Buqee Pumpkin 8. Loomii Lemon 9. Kaaroota Carrot 10. Kaachii Cassava 11. Qobboo Castor tree 12. Shumburaa Chick Pea 13. Qarafaa Cinnamon 14. Qurunfudii Clove tree 15. Goodarree Coco yam 16. Muuzii Banana 17. Tamboo Tobacco plant 18. Dimbilaalaa Coriander 19. Geeshoo Oromo Hops

  29. (Oromo Food Plants cont.) Oromo Name English Name  20. Sunqoo Fenugreek 21. Warqee/Qaachoo Enset 22. Daangulee Field Pea 23. Daagujjaa Finger Millet 24. Talbaa Flax 25. Gurraattii Black Cumin 26. Qullubbii Garlic 27. Jinjibla Ginger 28. Bisingaa Sorghum 29. Roqaa Indian date 30. Hancootee Indian Night Shade 31. Misira Lentil 32. Qoosxaa Leaf Beet 33. Salaaxaa Lettuce 34. Timaatimii Tomato 35. Boqqolloo Maize/Corn 37. Nuugii Niger Plant 38. Aajjaa Oat 39. Ruuzii Rice

  30. (Oromo Food Plants cont.) Oromo Name English Name 40. Kookii Peach 41. Garbuu Barley 42. Mimixaa Pepper 43. Anannaasii Pineapple 44. Romaanii Pomegranate 45. Shunkurtaa Onion 46. Dinnicha Irish Potato 47. Dinnicha Oromoo Oromo Potato 48. Enaba Grape Vine 49. Turungoo Pummel 50. Shonkor Agadaa Sugar Cane 51. Suufii Faranjii Sunflower 52. Insilalaa Florence 53. Mixaxis Sweet potato 54. Habhab Water Melon 55. Adogiro Kidney Bean 56. Garaambe Mustard 57. Sariitii Garden Asparagus

  31. (Oromo Food Plants cont.) Oromo Name English Name 58. Shaayii Tea plant 59. Caatii Chat plant 60. Xaafii Xaffii grass 61. Baaqeelaa Broad Bean 62. Raafuu Cabbage 63. Diimilee Radish 64. Bunna Coffee

  32. (Oromo Food Plants cont.) 65. Qoccoo Oromo yams 66. Talbaa Linseed 67. Ochoo Loonii Ground Nut 68. Suffii Safflower 69. Ijja Goomanaa Rape Seed 70. Salaaxaa Lettuce 71. Kotee Dimaa Beet Root 72. Abukaadoo Avocado 73. Zayiituna Guava 74. Maangoo Mangoes 75. Burtukaana Orange 76. Paapaayaa Papaya 77. Agadaa Sorghum Sugar

  33. Coffee It is claimed that Coffee originated in the Oromo region of Kaffaa, and adopted its name from the same area. Currently, the Ethiopian empire is the second coffee producer in Africa and the fifth in the world. Oromia alone produces 53% of the total coffee production of the empire. It should be noted that coffee makes over 60% of the export products of the Ethiopian empire.

  34. FORESTRY RESOURCES OF OROMIA

  35. Forestry Resources of Oromia Oromia has a high potential of naturally existing forests, woodlands, bush lands as well as planted (Community and urban) forests. It is claimed that about 75% of the forestry resources of the Ethiopian empire is found in Oromia. The following table indicates the currently existing acreage of forestland in different zones.

  36. Other Forest Reservoirs of Oromia 1. Gorro Bale State Forest Bale 2. Arerro State Forest Borana 3. Tiro Boter Beco State Forest Jimma 4. Babia Folla Forest Jimma 5. Sigmo Gaba State Forest Jimma 6. Arba Gugu State Forest Arsi 7. Dire Garbicha Shawa 8. Xadacha Odu Shawa 9. Cirri State Forest Wallaga 10. Koomto State Forest Wallaga 11. Tsige State Forest Wallaga 12. Dambii Natural Forest Wallaga 13. Lagga Ayya Natural Forest Wallaga 14. Bareeda Natural Forest Wallaga 15. Handaq Natural Forest Wallaga 16. Maanaagaashaa National Forest Shawa 17. Xadachaa National Forest Shawa 18. Oddu National Forest Shawa

  37. Oromia the Gorgeous

  38. Bamboo Forest Resources of Oromia Location Size (ha) 1. Agaaroo 1,500 2. Baale Mountains 56,850 3. Shannan/Jibaat 4,335 4. Gerra 37,250 5. Borre/Hagaraa Salaam 2,460 6. Jimma/Ayyana 900 7. Munessa/Shashamanne 4,183 8. Najjo 27,610 9. Gimbii 29,125 10. Guttin 6,044 11. Dhidhessa valley 135,000

  39. Wild Plants of Oromia – Fragrance Plants 1. Qoraasuma 2. Ejersa 3. Bahaa (Root of Qundhii) 4. Kusaayee 5. Urgeesaa 6. Botoroo 7. Qabarichoo 8. Wallaggee

  40. Edible Wild Plants of Oromia • 1. Gorra • 2. Harbuu • 3. Agamsa • 4. Waddessaa • 5. Zaytuuna • 6. Hudhaa • 7. Baddessa • 8. Goossuu • 9. Dhuggii • 10. Alfullii • 11. Ijja Mexxii • Ejersa (Wild Olive tree)

  41. Medicinal Wild Plants of Oromia 1. Ancabbii 2. Qabarichoo 3. Ataakilttii (White) 4. Heexoo 5. Qacamaa 6. Dhoqonuu 7. Haanquu 8. Sootalloo 9. Walensuu (kills parasitic animal insects) 10. Bosoqee (smoke against typhus) 11. Assangira (Athlete foot, fungus infection) 12. Bakkannissaa (skin fungus infection) 13. Handoodee 14. Eebicha 15. Hargisa

  42. (Medicinal Plants cont.) 16. Laaftoo 17. Harmaa Guussaa 18. Artii 19. Aballoo 20. Ceekaa 21. Coqorsa 22. Adaamii 23. Abayii

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