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Double Displacement Reactions

Double Displacement Reactions. Experiment 10. General Form. AY + BZ  AZ + BY Where A and B are cations and Y and Z are anions The anions swap places in double displacement reactions. Lets look at some reactions.

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Double Displacement Reactions

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  1. Double Displacement Reactions Experiment 10

  2. General Form AY + BZ  AZ + BY • Where A and B are cations and Y and Z are anions • The anions swap places in double displacement reactions.

  3. Lets look at some reactions • Aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed together. A white precipitate is formed. Ca(NO3)2(aq) + NaOH(aq)

  4. Solubility Rules • Alkali metals and NH4+ compounds are soluble. • Nitrates(NO3), acetates (CH3CO2), chlorates (ClO3), perchlorates(ClO4), and sulfates(SO42) are generally soluble (except for Sr+2, Ca+2, Ba+2, Pb+2, and Hg2+2 sulfates). • Chlorides(Cl), bromides(Br), iodides(I), are soluble (except for Silver(Ag+),mercury(I)(Hg2+2), and lead(II)( Pb+2) halides). • Most compounds not included above are not soluble. • i.e. Sulfides(S2), carbonates(CO32), phosphates(PO43), chromates(CrO42), Oxides (O-2), and Hydroxides(OH) • (Ca(OH)2, CaO, Sr(OH)2, SrO, Ba(OH)2 and BaO are slightly soluble.)

  5. Reaction Analysis • The reaction formed a precipitate. Is there an insoluble product? Calcium hydroxide is not a soluble substance. Ca(NO3)2(aq) + NaOH(aq) Ca(OH)2 + NaNO3

  6. Lets look at some reactions • Aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium carbonate are mixed together. Bubbles begin to form. K2CO3(aq) + H3PO4(aq)

  7. Evidence of reaction • Formation of a precipitate • Look for formation of an insoluble substance. Refer to the solubility tables. • Formation of a gas • Look for H2CO3, H2SO3, or NH4OH • H2CO3 H2O + CO2 (g) • H2SO3  H2O + SO2 (g) • NH4OH  H2O + NH3 (g) • Formation of a slightly ionized substance • H2O, HC2H3O2, H3PO4, H2C2O4, H2CO3, H2SO3, NH4OH, HF, CH3NH2

  8. Reaction Analysis • The reaction formed a gas. Is there a product that might form a gas? Carbonic acid will decompose to form water and carbon dioxide. K2CO3(aq) + H3PO4(aq)K3PO4 + H2CO3 Or K2CO3(aq) + H3PO4(aq)K3PO4 + H2O + CO2

  9. Lets look at some reactions • Aqueous solutions of oxalic acid and lithium hydroxide are mixed together. The test tube feels warm LiOH(aq) + H2C2O4(aq)

  10. Reaction analysis • The reaction generated heat, so we look for the formation of a slightly ionized product. H2O, HC2H3O2, H3PO4, H2C2O4, H2CO3, H2SO3, NH4OH, HF, CH3NH2 2 LiOH(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) Li2C2O4+ 2 HOH Water is a slightly ionized substance.

  11. Lets look at some reactions • Aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and cesium bromide are mixed together. No evidence of reaction is detected. KNO3(aq) + CsBr(aq)

  12. Reaction analysis • There was no visible evidence of reaction. Looking for indication of substances that would precipitate, form a gas, or a slightly ionized substance. KNO3(aq) + CsBr(aq) no reaction

  13. Evidence of reaction • Formation of a precipitate • Look for formation of an insoluble substance. Refer to the solubility tables. • Formation of a gas • Look for H2CO3, H2SO3, or NH4OH • H2CO3 H2O + CO2 (g) • H2SO3  H2O + SO2 (g) • NH4OH  H2O + NH3 (g) • Formation of a slightly ionized substance • H2O, HC2H3O2, H3PO4, H2C2O4, H2CO3, H2SO3, NH4OH, HF, CH3NH2

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