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Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments

Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments. Tony Clarke. Eric DeCarlo. Brian Glazer. David Ho. Barry Huebert. Telu Li. Fred Mackenzie. Chris Measures. Kathleen Ruttenberg. Jane Schoonmaker. Richard Zeebe. Global Element Cycles:

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Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments

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  1. Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments Tony Clarke Eric DeCarlo Brian Glazer David Ho Barry Huebert Telu Li Fred Mackenzie Chris Measures Kathleen Ruttenberg Jane Schoonmaker Richard Zeebe

  2. Global Element Cycles: Contemporary to Paleoenvironments Will not review all research projects/PIs  Examples • Big questions • (1) What is the human impact on global elemental cycles? • (2) How will ocean acidification affect carbonate production and dissolution? • (3) How can paleoclimatology help to predict climate changes? • (4) What are the roles of sediment geochemistry and seafloor-ocean • exchange in sinks/sources of global elemental cycles? • (5) What do transient tracers tell us about changes in ocean circulation?

  3. Global Element Cycles Expeditionary Programs (WOCE, CLIVAR, …) New 10-year program will provide - A coordinated Trace-Element and Isotope (TEI) survey of the oceans - Input for global C and climate models - A framework of chemical proxies for paleoceanography It will change the way we interpret the oceanic record GEOTRACES is starting and is already funded by NSF. UH needs observational oceanographers to be able to take advantage of the funding associated with these programs. Chris Measures (Steering Committee)

  4. Australia Canada (white) China Japan Korea/Japan New Zealand Taiwan U.S. Hawaii Tahiti Easter Island Global Element Cycles GEOTRACES Science Plan: www.geotraces.org Guiding mission To identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions

  5. Jenkins et al. Global Element Cycles Transient Tracers What do transient tracers tell us about changes in ocean circulation? David Ho

  6. Global Element Cycles Geochemistry Relationship among the nitrate deficit by denitrification (dN”), nitrite (NO2-), and oxygen (O2) concentrations in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Data analyses:  understand global biogeochemical cycles Telu Li

  7. Global Element Cycles Geochemistry Lake Biwa: Largest fresh water lake in Japan • understand similarities/differences between fresh water systems and ocean. OCEAN BIWA

  8. Global Element Cycles Ocean acidification Changes in carbonate chemistry and carbonate saturation state of the surface ocean from 1700 to 2300 based on modelcalculations. • Support: NOAA • Coastal Ocean (Kathleen, Eric) Fred Mackenzie

  9. Global Element Cycles CaCO3 production and dissolution Production Cross over Dissolution  Coral reef environments of the Hawaiian Islands

  10. Global Element Cycles Ocean acidification Simulated changes in CaCO3 saturation state using a global biogeochemical ocean model: YEAR 1810 YEAR 2100 Support: - Department of Energy - NSF Richard Zeebe

  11. Paleoclimatology Why bother about the past? Two very recent examples:

  12. Paleoclimatology Sedimentary Records of Climate Change – Hawaii, Pacific, and Beyond Jane Schoonmaker B. Popp, A. Timmermann, (K. Pahnke) G&G • Objectives • Understanding interactions between climate, hydrology, ecosystems, human impacts • Revealing paleoclimate forcings and predicting future system behavior • Integrating data with climate models • Informing Hawaii state planning Jane Schoonmaker

  13. Paleoclimatology Ordy Pond, Oahu Paleoaridity Record

  14. Ordy Pond, Oahu Paleoaridity Record Increasing aridity Post-Human Contact 2 4 Age (kyr BP) 6 Precipitation Anomaly - + 8 Latitude of Hawaii 20ºN + 10 -32 -28 -24 20 60 100 - % C4 Plants n-alkane d13C Paleoclimatology

  15. Paleoclimatology Support: NOAA Sea Grant Petroleum Research Fund • What’s Next? • Add additional proxies to the list: hydrogen isotopes, pollen, diatoms… • Another try at acquiring Ordy • Other locations: Ka’au Crater, Lk. Kauhakō, Lk. Waiau, Niihau, Easter Island…..

  16. Paleoclimatology PETM The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a future analog? Support: NSF (Multi-Institutional Project, $2.3M). PETM Richard Zeebe

  17. Projects • Carbon fluxes • Early detection of • acidification effects Support: - Department of Energy - NSF Ocean acidification Ocean acidification Links past, present, and future

  18. Needs (to be continued by Frank) • Chris: Hire expeditionary oceanographers (GEOTRACES) • Post-doc support (admin, office space, new fellowships) • Faculty hire/retention (cost of living/housing)

  19. Global Element Cycles GEOTRACES One of the three global planning workshops was held in Hawaii bringing funding and recognition to the state. An international training workshop is being planned for 2009.

  20. Paleoclimatology Simulated changes in ocean chemistry over the Phanerozoic (500 Ma). Support: - NSF - NOAA Sea Grant Fred Mackenzie

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