THE RISE OF PROGRESSIVISM

1. THE RISE OF PROGRESSIVISM CH.21BR CH.25/29BA

2. The PRICE TAG OF PROGRESSthe ugly underside of the Gilded Age • Brainstorm: • ECONOMIC • POLITICAL • ENVIRONMENTAL • SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN

3. The Reaction to the PRICE TAG OF PROGRESS 1.Rationalization by the wealthy Social Darwinism = Survival of the fittest applied to society as opposed to nature ( the original theory ) Horatio Alger stories = rags to riches = everyone can get rich if they are smart & hardworking 2. Wanted to “give back” in chosen ways The Gospel of Wealth – Andrew Carnegie – wouldn’t pay his workers more but would use his wealth to create libraries & contribute to the arts 3.Progressive Movement = middle class reformers who believed through good government & education REFORMS could solve the problems of this rapid industrialization

4. The Progressive Impulse • Progressives = strongest critics of injustice in early-20th c America • received much of their inspiration from • the Greenback Labor party • the Populists • Progressives differed about what progressivism meant • most agreed that government should play a role in correcting society’s ills • to use the government as an agency of human welfare

5. Varieties of Progressivism • progressive approach to reform was influenced by: 1. An opposition to monopolies in business • excessive practices of the railroads • The corruption of the business trusts 2. A belief in the interdependence of the individual and society 3. A rejection of party bosses in favor of organized and efficient leaders • The seamy side of boss rule

6. The Social Gospel • late 1800s, a group of Christian reformers started this movement • Believed that the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories • Salvation Army • One of the most important members of the Social Gospel movement of the late 1800s was Walter Rauschenbushch a. social gospel (3) b. Salvation Army (4) c. Walter Rauschenbusch (5) d. Rerum Novarum (6)

7. The Settlement House Movement influenced US in these ways: • helped immigrant families adapt to the language and customs of their new country • provided an acceptable professional training ground for many women • spawned the development of the profession of social work • early settlement house workers • Jane Addams • Florence Kelly • helped to blaze the professional trail for social workers • Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in: • child care • instruction in English • cultural activities • social reform lobbying a. Jacob Riis (7) b. Settlement house (8) c. Hull House/Jane Addams (9)

8. The Allure of Expertise • The new middle class of early 1900s placed high value on education and individual accomplishment • 1899 book – “A Theory of the Leisure Class”- Thorsten Veblen • argued in favor of a new economic system controlled by engineers • Taylorism (11) • Frederick Taylor – scientific management – time – motion studies for efficiency • growing support for a free public education system • accepted the idea that free government cannot function without educated citizens

9. The Professions • demand for reform in the new “professions” was the result of attempts to • Defend professions from the untrained and the incompetent • Protect those already in the professions from excessive competition • Exclude blacks, women, immigrants, and other so-called “undesirables” from their ranks • American Medical Association = • result of the increasing demands for reform in medicine • established to represent the field as a whole • doctors such as William H. Welch revolutionized the teaching of medicine by moving students out of the classrooms and into laboratories and clinics • so-called “women’s professions” = Nurses, teachers, librarians • In decades after the Civil War, college education for women became much more common