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Civilization

Civilization. Civilization. What is Civilization Advanced Cities Specialized Workers Food surplus provided the opportunity for specialization As cities grew the need for specialized workers grew. Traders, priests, government officials

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Civilization

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  1. Civilization

  2. Civilization • What is Civilization • Advanced Cities • Specialized Workers • Food surplus provided the opportunity for specialization • As cities grew the need for specialized workers grew. • Traders, priests, government officials • Complex Institutions (well organized central governments • Government, religions, and economy • Soaring population made government necessary • Education system

  3. Civilization • Writing (Record Keeping) • As government, religion and economy grew so did the need for record keeping. • Writing system is development • Pictogram: simple drawings that represents symbols, then sounds • Advance Technology • New tools • Farmers stated to use animals and nature • Melting copper and tin together made bronze • Public Works: building irrigations systems, roads, bridges and defensive walls

  4. Civilization • Social Classes; • Ranked according to their jobs • Priests, wealthy merchants, artisans, peasants, then slaves • Arts and Architecture: Expressed the beliefs and values of people • Complex Religion • Polytheistic: many gods: sun god, river god, moon god.

  5. How did Civilization Start • III Social Changes • Complex and prosperous economy affected the social structure of the village life. • Social classes starting to form • Religion is more organized • Polytheistic

  6. How did Civilization Start • Villages grew into cities • Communities were based on agriculture • Domesticated animals became more common • Population increased • Economic Changes • Food surpluses freed some villagers to pursue other jobs • Developed skills besides farming • Craftspeople • Trade with other villages stated • Two Important inventions: Wheel and sail (Mesopotamian)

  7. Civilization • Spread of Civilization • City-states started to form • Empires were territories controlled by one ruler. ( Group of city-states) • Interactions with nomads (culture diffusion) • Civilization and Change • Environmental changes • Interactions among peoples (Culture Diffusion)

  8. Characteristics of Early Civilization • Social patterns • Hereditary rulers • Dynasties of kings and Pharaohs • Rigid class system, where slavery was accepted • Political Patterns • World’s first states( city-states, kingdom/Empire) • Centralized governments (Religious Auth) • Written laws: Ten Commandments/ Code of Hammurabi

  9. Development of Economic Patterns • Metal tools & Weapons • Increasing agricultural surplus • Increase in trade along the rivers/seas Phoenicians**** • Specialization of labor • Religion Traditions • Polytheism was practiced by most early Civ • Monotheism was practiced by the Hebrews • Writing: • Pictograms Hieroglyphic, Cuneiform, Alphabet

  10. Code of Hammurabi • FIRST WRITTEN LAWS ******* • Needed a single, uniformed code of law • Code listed 282 specific laws dealing with everything from family relationships to business • Different punishment for rich and poor and for men and women • *******Important Idea: It reinforced the principle that government had a responsibility for what occurred in society

  11. Government and Society • World’s first city states • Social hierarchy: Priests controlled early government, • Centralized government based on religion authority • Monarch (soldiers) took control during war. Pass their powers to their sons. Forming Dynasties • Women lost status overtime

  12. Religion and Life • Polytheistic • Pharaoh viewed as god as well • Death: After life • Mummification, embalming and drying the corpse • Built great pyramids: TOMBS • Society: Hereditary • Royal family, Upper class, Middle class, lower class • Women had a higher status & greater independence • Rigid class system where slavery was accepted

  13. The Law Code of Hammurabi

  14. Reign of Hammurabi of Babylon, 1792-1750 B.C.

  15. Religion • Religion and Mythology • Polytheistic religious belief reflected harshness of war and struggle with unpredictable environment • War-like gods who possessed total control over human lives • Sacrifices, rituals, temples (ziggurats) • Power of priests and priestesses

  16. Raise of Judaism • Ten Commandment: heart of Judaism • state moral and religious conduct • A set of laws that God gave them

  17. SumerianScience and Technology • Irrigation • Bronze • Wheel, Sail, Ramp and plow • Basic algebra and geometry. • Strong in Astronomy which led to calendars

  18. Sumerian Writing • Cunneiform: • Need to keep records • Developed from pictographs • Recorded myths, laws, treaties, and business • Scribes Video Writing

  19. Ziggurat at Ur

  20. Ziggurat at Ur

  21. Cuneiform

  22. CuneiformMesopotamian

  23. Cuneiform

  24. Mesopotamian Civilization I. Location • People started top settle in the Southern parts of the Fertile Crescent before 4500 B.C. • These people were called Sumerians II Sumerian (City State) • Geography; • Fertile Crescent, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • River flooded yearly: Dry hot summers, No rainfall after the floods. • No natural barriers for protection • Surplus of wheat and barley

  25. Mesopotamian Civilization III Great Solutions: • Large irrigation ditches to irrigate their fields and for protection. • These activities required organization, cooperation, and leadership • This is the beginning of organized government and laws IV Government and Society • World’s first city states • Social hierarchy: Priests controlled early government, • Centralized government based on religion authority • Monarch (soldiers) took control during war. Pass their powers to their sons. Forming Dynasties • Women lost status overtime.

  26. Sumer • Earliest cities in southern Mesopotamia • Agriculture and trade (as far away as India) • Sumerians • Developed the wheel • Created first writing system (cuneiform) • Devised a mathematical system and astronomy

  27. Egyptian Civilization • Location • North Africa • Nile River Valley • Delta • Government: • Theocracy • Pharaohs

  28. Egyptian Culture • Religion and Life • Polytheistic • Pharaoh viewed as god as well • Death: After life • Mummification, embalming and drying the corpse • Built great pyramids: TOMBS • Society: Hereditary • Royal family, Upper class, Middle class, lower class • Women had a higher status & greater independence • Rigid class system where slavery was accepted

  29. Egyptian Culture • Writing • Hieroglyphic • Earliest forms were pictures • Later pictures stood for a sound • Written on papyrus • Science and Technolgy • Pyramids, Mathematics, geometry & Calendar.

  30. Egyptian Writing“Hieroglyphics

  31. Mummies

  32. Indus • Geography (India) • Indus and Ganges Rivers • Hindus Kush and Himalaya separate India from Asia • Civilization: • Little is know • Traded with Africa • Planned Cities (sewage system) • Strong Central government • Religion: Polytheism • Writing unknown

  33. China • Location: Huang He Valley • Natural barriers isolated ancient China • Religion: Polytheism • Believed in spirits of family ancestors. • Consulted the gods through the use of oracle bones • Culture: Strong family tires • Loyalty to the family • Women were treated was inferiors • Government: Strong Central government, • First Dynasties • Sharply divided between nobles and peasants ( • Ruled by class of warrior-nobles • Writing: early character stood for an idea, not a sound • Helped unify China • Technology: • Flood control an irrigation projects, Calendar, Math, and Silk cloth.

  34. Phoenicians: Sailors and Traders Settle along the eastern Mediterranean(part of the Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia) Colonized throughout the Mediterranean, as far away as Sicily and Spain Alphabet***************************** Other Civilizations

  35. These river valleys offered rich soil and irrigation • water for agriculture, and they tended to be in locations easily protected from invasion by nomadic peoples.

  36. Hebrews and Kush • Hebrews: • Hebrews settled between the Mediterranean Sea • and the Jordan River Valley (part of Fertile • Crescent in Southwest Asia). • Kush(Nubia): • Geography- East Africa • Southern(Upper Nile) • Separated from Egypt by the cataracts

  37. Persian Empire: • Built on earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamia Civ • Tolerance of conquered peoples • Development Imperial bureaucracy • New Religion: ZOROASTRAIANISM • One wise god controlled the world and one evil god • Good v.s. Bad • Money Economy • Road System to link the Empire • Construction of road system

  38. Religion of Persia – Belief in two opposing forces inthe universe

  39. Ancient Civilizations I. Early River Valley • Neolithic Period, permanent settlements appeared in river valleys • River valleys provided rich soil for crops & protection from invasions • Fertile Crescent II. Locations and Time Frame (3500B.C. to 500B.C.) • Egyptian: Nile River Valley and Delta (Africa) • Mesopotania: Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys • Indus River Valley: Indian • Huang He Valley: China • Others: • Hebrew: Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River valley • Phoenicians: along the Mediterranean Sea coast • Kush : located on the upper Nile River (South)

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