The seasonal aerosol aerosol pattern at the IMPROVE sites is examined using two methodologies:

1. NARSTO PM AssessmentChapter 5: Spatial and Temporal PatternTOCIntroductionDataGlobal PatternNAM DustNAM Smoke NAM Haze NAM Total PM Local PM Speciated Seasonal over the Central EUS The seasonal aerosol aerosol pattern at the IMPROVE sites is examined using two methodologies: Seasonal Mass Balance Charts Seasonal Percentile Frequency Charts

2. Method 1: Cumulative Seasonal PM2.5 Composition Shenandoah • PM2.5 chemical components were calculated based on the CIRA methodology • In addition, the the organics were (tentatively) further separated as Primary Smoke Organics (red) and Remainder organics (purple) PSO = 20*(K - 0.15*Si – 0.02* Na) Remainder Org = Organics - PSO • Also, the ‘Unknown’ mass (white area) is the difference between the gravimetrically measured and the chemically reconstructed PM2.5. • The daily chemical composition was aggregated over the available IMPROVE data range (1988-99) to retain the seasonal structure. • I order to reduce the noise the daily data were smoothed by a 15-day moving average filter.

3. Method 2: Seasonal Percentiles, 1992-99 • The charts depict the magnitude of seasonal and synoptic variation • The synoptic-scalevariation (day-to-day) can be measured by the 20-80 percentile spread Great Smoky Mtn. Lye Brook At Lye Brook, VT, the clean days (20 percentile) corresponds to ~4 ug/m3 throughout the year The dirty days are (80-90%-ile) have 2-5 times higher concentration than the clean days. Dirty days, 80-90% Dirty days, 80-90% ‘Clean’ days (20%) Clean days (20%) At the Smoky Mtn, the clean days in the winter are also ~4 ug/m3. However in the summer, even the ‘clean’ days have 14 ug/m3 PM2.5. The dirty days are have 2-3 times higher than the clean days through out the year.

4. Regional Grouping of Sites • For this presentation the IMPROVE sites were grouped as follows: • New England () • Mid-Atlantic () • Central EUS () • Peripheral () • For each region, the seasonality is displayed for: • Chemical Mass Balance • Carbonaceous Mass Balance • Fine Particle Mass Percentiles • Coarse Mass Percentiles • Sulfate Percentiles • Fine Soil Percentiles • Tot. Carbon. + 'Unknown' Percentiles • Smoke Organics Percentiles

5. South WUS: Chemical Mass Balance Tonto Petrified F. Bandelier Saguaro NM Chiricahua

6. Southwest : Chemical Mass Balance Canyonlands Bryce Canyon Hopi Point Mesa Verde G Sand Dunes White River Weminuche W

7. Idaho: Chemical Mass Balance Crater Moon Sawtooth Three Sisters Scoville Salmon

8. Nevada-Wyoming: Chemical Mass Balance Jarbidge Lone Peak Bridger, WY Great Basin Brooklyn L Yellowstone Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

9. Washington-Oregon: Chemical Mass Balance Columbia RG Crater Lake Sula MT Glacier NP Columbia G.

10. San Joaquin Valley: Chemical Mass Balance Lassen Volcan Pinnacles Death Valley Yosemite Bliss StatePark

11. Mntn and Valleys: Chemical Mass Balance San Gorgonio Sequoia Death Valley Snoqualamie South Tahoe

12. WUS Coastal Sites: Chemical Mass Balance Denali Mauna Loa Point Reyes Puget Sound Redwood Haleakala

13. Big Bend and Guadal: Chemical Mass Balance Big Bend Guadalupe

14. South WUS: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Tonto Petrified F. Bandelier Saguaro NM Chiricahua

15. Southwest : Carbonaceous Mass Balance Canyonlands Bryce Canyon Hopi Point Mesa Verde G Sand Dunes White River Weminuche W

16. Idaho: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Crater Moon Sawtooth Three Sisters Scoville Salmon

17. Nevada-Wyoming: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Jarbidge Lone Peak Bridger, WY Great Basin Yellowstone Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

18. Washington-Oregon: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Columbia RG Crater Lake Sula MT Glacier NP Columbia G.

19. San Joaquin Valley: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Lassen Volcan Pinnacles Death Valley Yosemite Bliss StatePark

20. Mntn and Valleys: Carbonaceous Mass Balance San Gorgonio Sequoia Death Valley Snoqualamie South Tahoe

21. WUS Coastal Sites: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Denali Mauna Loa Point Reyes Puget Sound Redwood Haleakala

22. Big Bend and Guadal: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Big Bend Guadalupe

23. South WUS: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Tonto Petrified F. Bandelier Saguaro NM Chiricahua

24. Southwest : Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Canyonlands Bryce Canyon Hopi Point Mesa Verde G Sand Dunes White River Weminuche W

25. Idaho: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Crater Moon Sawtooth Three Sisters Scoville Salmon

26. Nevada-Wyoming: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Jarbidge Lone Peak Bridger, WY Great Basin Brooklyn L Yellowstone Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

27. Washington-Oregon: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Sula MT Glacier NP Columbia G.

28. San Joaquin Valley: Particle Mass Percentiles Lassen Volcan Pinnacles Death Valley Yosemite Bliss StatePark

29. Mntn and Valleys: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles San Gorgonio Sequoia Death Valley Snoqualamie South Tahoe

30. WUS Coastal Sites: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Denali Mauna Loa Point Reyes Puget Sound Redwood Haleakala

31. Big Bend and Guadal: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Big Bend Guadalupe

32. South WUS: Coarse Mass Percentiles Tonto Petrified F. Bandelier Saguaro NM Chiricahua

33. Southwest : Coarse Mass Percentiles Canyonlands Bryce Canyon Hopi Point Mesa Verde G Sand Dunes White River Weminuche W

34. Idaho: Coarse Mass Percentiles Crater Moon Sawtooth Three Sisters Scoville Salmon

35. Nevada-Wyoming: Coarse Mass Percentiles Jarbidge Lone Peak Great Basin Bridger, WY Yellowstone Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

36. Washington-Oregon: Coarse Mass Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Sula MT Glacier NP Columbia G.

37. San Joaquin Valley: Coarse Mass Percentiles Lassen Volcan Pinnacles Death Valley Yosemite Bliss StatePark

38. Mountain Passes and Valle: Coarse Mass Percentiles San Gorgonio Sequoia Death Valley Snoqualamie South Tahoe

39. Western US Coastal Sites: Coarse Mass Percentiles Denali Mauna Loa Point Reyes Puget Sound Redwood Haleakala

40. Big Bend and Guadalupe: Coarse Mass Percentiles Big Bend Guadalupe

41. South WUS: Sulfate Percentiles Tonto Petrified F. Bandelier Saguaro NM Chiricahua

42. Southwest : Sulfate Percentiles Canyonlands Bryce Canyon Hopi Point Mesa Verde G Sand Dunes White River Weminuche W

43. Idaho: Sulfate Percentiles Crater Moon Sawtooth Three Sisters Scoville Salmon

44. Nevada-Wyoming: Sulfate Percentiles Jarbidge Lone Peak Bridger, WY Great Basin Rocky Mt Brooklyn L Yellowstone Mt. Zirkel

45. Washington-Oregon: Sulfate Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Sula MT Glacier NP Columbia G.

46. San Joaquin Valley: Sulfate Percentiles Lassen Volcan Pinnacles Death Valley Yosemite Bliss StatePark

47. Mountain Passes and Valleys: Sulfate Percentiles San Gorgonio Sequoia Death Valley Snoqualamie South Tahoe

48. Western US Coastal Sites: Sulfate Percentiles Denali Mauna Loa Point Reyes Puget Sound Redwood Haleakala

49. Big Bend and Guadalupe: Sulfate Percentiles Big Bend Guadalupe

50. South WUS: Fine Soil Percentiles Tonto Petrified F. Bandelier • Fine dust Saguaro NM Chiricahua