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Small Reactors for Energy Supply

Small Reactors for Energy Supply. Philip Moor 8 th Annual OOCUR Conference Ocho Rios Jamaica 11/04/2010. Small Reactors. Background Technology Water-cooled Liquid metal cooled Gas cooled Value proposition Schedule overview Licensing Summary. Small Reactors - Background.

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Small Reactors for Energy Supply

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  1. Small Reactors for Energy Supply Philip Moor 8th Annual OOCUR Conference Ocho Rios Jamaica 11/04/2010

  2. Small Reactors Background Technology Water-cooled Liquid metal cooled Gas cooled Value proposition Schedule overview Licensing Summary

  3. Small Reactors - Background SMR- Small Modular Reactor or Small and Medium sized Reactor SMR’s produce less than 300 MWe or 1000 MWth IAEA ( International Atomic Energy Agency) in their 2009 assessment estimates between 49 and 97 Small reactors will be built by 2030 56 large and small reactors are under construction today

  4. Small Reactors - Background SMR’s have been in service since the 1950’s in naval vessels, as research reactors and for electricity production

  5. BackgroundDefinitions and Facts SMR’s potential for changing social and energy supply paradigms is compelling Jobs Sales of local goods and services National Security and energy policy Climate change benefits Stabilization of fuel costs

  6. BackgroundDefinitions and Facts So what’s new about SMR’s? Strong interest from entrepreneurs Evolutionary designs- safety and security Passive below ground designs Long fuel cycles- fuel price certainty Total Project Costs an order of magnitude lower that large reactors Carbon taxes make life cycle costs more competitive

  7. Small Reactors - Technology Nuclear fuel fissions, heating water, liquid metal or gas. Heat is conveyed from the coolant to produce electricity, process heat or commodities

  8. Technology KLT-40 Icebreaker Reactor (70 MWe floating nuclear power plant) Molten salt reactor Hyperion Reactor General Atomics MHR PBMR (165 MWe) Toshiba 4S (10 to 50 MWe) Sodium cooled

  9. Small Reactors - Technology Integral light water reactors Double pressure boundary Passive cooling Representative designs KLT-40S VK-300 CAREM Mpower NuScale SMART IRIS Radix

  10. Small Reactors - Technology Liquid Metal Reactors Atmospheric pressure Passive cooling Representative designs Hyperion STAR ARC-100 LSPR PRISM BREST Traveling Wave Korean Fast reactor GEH -PRISM

  11. Small Reactors - Technology Gas reactors High Temperature Passive cooling Representative designs GT-MHR PBMR Antares HTTR HTR-1,PM EM-2 MTSPNR General Atomics – GT MHR

  12. SMR- Value proposition Large operating reactors Have demonstrated consistent safety and security. Operating costs (O&M + fuel) are <$0.02/Kwh Decommission fund is $.005/kwh Capacity factors are >90% Have operated for > 25 years so there is no debt service See www.nei.org

  13. SMR- Value proposition SMR’s Equal or better levels of safety and security SMR’S are evolutionary so safety and security is designed in vs. backfit Comparable O&M costs ~$0.02/Kwh less staff but higher fuel cost due to higher enrichment Comparable Capacity factors ~ 90% Longer refueling cycles but FOAK issues Comparable decommissioning costs~ $0.005/Kwh disposal costs can scaled on amount of LLRW Capital cost must be confirmed

  14. SMR- Value proposition SMR’s Estimated Total Project Capital Cost ( TPC) $3500/kw-$6000kw $0.11/Kwh- $0.15/Kwh for; Licensing and permitting Financing EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction ) Site costs T&D improvements

  15. SMR- Value proposition SMR’s Avg. cost example for a 50 MWe SMR yr 1-yr 20 At $3500/kw TPC= $0.11+$0.02+$0.005= $0.135/Kwh At $6000/kw TPC= $0.15+$0.02+$0.005= $0.175/Kwh Costs will drop $0.03/kwh to $0.05/Kwh after year 20+ as debt obligation is satisfied Carbon tax credits can be a $0.02/kwh (at $15/ton) benefit

  16. SMR Schedule durations Design Certification ( DC ) Preparation DC discussions Additional reactor deployments Pre-Application Studies License Preparation other agency review Environmental Report and Site Design Construction Facility Startup operations year1 year2 Year3 year4 year8 Year10 year5 Year6 year9 year7

  17. Assessment and Licensing Licensed in the Country of origin US NRC Canadian CNSC IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO)

  18. Summary SMR’s are a global hot topic China, Russia and India are moving ahead with indigenous projects Outside China, Russia , India up-front licensing and permitting costs are substantial Cost of SMR EPC is a major cost element and still a variable Fossil fuel price and carbon tax are catalysts for SMR’s

  19. Questions? 19 Philip Moor P.E. Philip.Moor@hba-inc.com 201 841 9916

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