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Happy Wednesday!

Learn about European exploration motives, Jamestown settlement, Native American clashes, Bacon's Rebellion, New England settlers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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Happy Wednesday!

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  1. Happy Wednesday! • Turn in your vocab to the black box on my desk • Look over your notes from last class and get ready for the daily quiz

  2. Daily Quiz 1. what were the 3 main motives for European Exploration? 2. What part of the triangle trade brought Africans to the New World? 3. What is the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between Africa, Europe and the Americas called? 4. What had the biggest impact on the Native population during exploration? 5. What were Spanish explorers called?

  3. Exploration and Colonization Jamestown

  4. Jamestown • First permanent English settlement in North America- 1607 • Joint-stock company- investors pool their money to fund the colony • Virginia Company of London • Settled by people seeking economic opportunities • “Cavaliers”- English nobility who got land grants from King of England • Indentured Servants- agreed to work in exchange for passage

  5. Stop and Think! • Most people who came to Jamestown were men. What problem might that create?

  6. Rocky Start… • Almost failed due to disease and starvation • Ultimately succeeded due to Capt. John Smith’s leadership and tobacco

  7. Problems • Everyone’s looking for gold and profit • Disease ran rampant from bad water • Starvation- too many people looking for gold, not enough people planting crops • Relations with the Powhatan Indians- TENSE • “Starving Time”- Winter of 1609-1610 • Out of the 500 colonists only 60 survived!!

  8. Successes • New settlers arrived in perfect time to save the colony • Tobacco- “Brown Gold”- introduced by John Rolfe in 1612 • Headright System- solved labor issues- 50 acres for paying a laborer’s passage • Laborer became indentured servant- full passage + food and shelter in return for 4-7 years of labor • Low class English but also first Africans • When numbers declined, African slavery took over as primary form of labor • Established House of Burgesses (1619)- Virginia’s colonial legislature, first representative body in North America

  9. Stop and Think! • Summarize the Headright System and indentured servants. Is it possible this “success” could become a failure? Why or why not?

  10. Clashes with Native Americans • Relations with Natives got worse in time • No intermarriage like the Spanish • Colonists wanted more land for tobacco, Native Americans resisted • 1622- Opechancanough’s revolt- wiped out 1/3 of VA settlers • Not to mention VA Company was in debt- King James revokes the company’s charter • 1624- VA becomes a royal colony- under the direct control of the king

  11. Economic Differences split VA • Rich v. Poor • Wealthy Cavaliers in eastern VA-tons of land and money-represented by Governor Berkeley • Former indentured servants in western VA and frontier- no land, no money, no protection from Natives- represented by Nathaniel Bacon

  12. Bacon’s Rebellion • Poor whites in west (including former indentured servants) revolted against VA gov’t • WHY??? • Lack of protection from Native Americans • Lack of representation in the House of Burgesses • Revolted and marched on and burned Jamestown • Bacon died, Berkley took over • Significance: led to more planters choosing African slaves over indentured servants b/c revolt was less likely

  13. Stop and Think! • What was the main cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?

  14. Happy Tuesday!!! • Turn in your Document Homework to the box on my desk • Take out your New England notes, we will go over them before going into the Middle Colonies

  15. Exploration and Colonization New England

  16. Settlers • English Puritans seeking religious freedom beginning in 1620 • Some non-Puritans came as well

  17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L393V0e7FCM

  18. Pilgrims v. Puritans • Separatists/ Pilgrims- church members who wanted to break away completely from the Church of England • Came on the Mayflower • Mayflower Compact- before leaving the ship all men signed an agreement to create a civil gov’t based on English law • BIG STEP TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC GOV’T IN AMERICA • Established the Plymouth Colony (2nd permanent English settlement)

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44

  20. Pilgrims v. Puritans (continued) • Puritans- church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England (aka Anglican Church) • Reforms include getting rid of all Roman Catholic practices • Goal was the establish a new society where they could practice their religion free from persecution • Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony

  21. Puritans • John Winthrop- first leader of the Puritans in Mass Bay Colony • Wanted to establish a “City Upon a Hill”- Boston • “For we must consider that we shall be a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us”

  22. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Right to vote in MBC was based on being male and church membership • Legislation was called the General Court • No division between church and state- gov’t and laws based on Puritan vision • Much better organized than Jamestown • Entire families moved over not just individual laborers

  23. Stop and Think! • What is the advantage of having whole families settle rather than individual laborers?

  24. Unrest in the Puritan Community • Not everyone agreed with the Puritan vision • Roger Williams- believed the following: • England had no claim to land unless they bought it from Native Americans • Called for separation of church and state- thought people should be able to practice their own religion • Founded colony of Rhode Island (Providence is capital) • Based on religious freedom and separation of church and state

  25. Unrest in Puritan Community (continued) • Anne Hutchison- • Taught lessons from the Bible • Women were not allowed to do this • Thought people could interpret the Bible for themselves • Banished from Massachusetts, Moved to Rhode Island and later to New York

  26. Stop and Think! • Looking at Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison, how would you describe MBC’s view of people who think differently from them?

  27. Relations with Native Americans • Mass. settlers moved into new areas and set up colonies in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire- resistance from Native Americans • Native Americans did NOT believe in owning land- belonged to all for communal use • European settlers believed in private ownership of land= conflict

  28. Wars with Native Americans • Pequot War (1637): Connecticut • Pequots revolted against English- nearly wiped out • Massacre at Mystic- brutal extermination tactics used • King Philip’s War (1675): all over New England • Wampanoag chief Metacom revolted against English settlers • English won, displayed Metacom’s head in Plymouth for 20 years • Significance: end of Native American resistance in NE

  29. Happy Wednesday!! • Turn in the Document Homework in the box on my desk • Take out your New England Notes and look them over for the daily quiz!! Agenda for today: • Daily Quiz • Notes • Colonies Chart (Homework if you don’t finish!!)

  30. Daily Quiz 1. Where was the second permanent English settlement? 2. Which group of people wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England? 3. What was the motive for settlement at Massachusetts Bay Colony? 4. Who was the first leader of the MBC? 5. Name one person who was asked to leave or banished from MBC because they went against the beliefs of the colony’s leaders.

  31. Exploration and Colonization Middle Colonies

  32. The Dutch Found New Netherlands • Henry Hudson (English) sailed for the Dutch up the Hudson River in NY • New Netherlands established for economic reasons • Fur trade • New Amsterdam is the capital • Has better relations with the Native Americans than English b/c of the fur trade

  33. Changes come to New Netherlands • The Dutch take over New Jersey from the Swedes • Cant get enough settlers so they open it up to different types of people • Dutch, German, French Huguenots (Protestants), Jews, Scandinavians, Africans (both slave and free) • Duke of York (English) conquers the Dutch colony and renames it New York in 1664 • Becomes the proprietor or owner of New York but gave away New Jersey to his friends

  34. Stop and Think! • How did New Netherlands become so diverse?

  35. Pennsylvania • Quakers- Protestant group devoted to equality, cooperation, and religious tolerance • Services held without ministers, plain dress and pacifists • William Penn= founder and proprietor of PA- the “Holy Experiment” • Philadelphia- capital • All settlers promised 50 acres of land and the right to vote • Freedom of Religion

  36. Pennsylvania (continued) • Delaware eventually became an off-shoot of PA • Relations with Native Americans were generally good • Penn showed respect to them • Needed more settlers so opened it up to diverse groups • Quakers, Germans, Dutch and French

  37. Stop and Think! • How was the Pennsylvania colony different from Jamestown or MBC?

  38. The Rest of the 13 Original Colonies • Maryland (Southern)- Founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics • Act of Toleration- led to religious freedom in MD for a while • Carolinas (Southern)- land granted to King Charles II’s friends, South of VA • Plantation system emerged in South Carolina- very wealthy • Georgia (Southern)- founded by James Oglethorpe as a haven for debtors • Also a buffer with Spain

  39. The Rest (continued) • Connecticut- Founded by Thomas Hooker- bought the land from the Native Americans • New Hampshire- Founded by John Wheelwright- criticized Puritan teachings

  40. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p47tZLJbdag

  41. Happy Friday!!! • Take out your notes and look it over for the quiz • DO NOT TURN IN YOUR CHART YET! WE WILL DISCUSS THE “TYPE OF GOVERNMENT” CATEGORY • Agenda: • Daily Quiz • Finish Chart • Notes • Meet with theme group • Study Guide---DUE TUESDAY TEST ON TUESDAY!!!

  42. Daily Quiz • Which group of people founded New Netherlands? • What group of people established Pennsylvania? • What social aspect sets the Mid-Atlantic colonies apart from Jamestown or Massachusetts? • Who was the proprietor or owner of Pennsylvania? • When the New Netherlands changes hands and is taken over by an Englishman, what is it’s new name?

  43. Happy Tuesday!!! • Turn in your Colonies Chart • We will do things a little backwards today • Notes • Colonies Quiz • Study guide for test on Thursday

  44. Exploration and Colonization England and Its Colonies

  45. England and it’s colonies prosper • Mercantilism –economic philosophy of England – to acquire more gold and silver than other nations. How? • Become self-sufficient • To maintain a favorable balance of trade (export more than you import) • Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country • Colonies provide raw materials to England – ex: lumber, furs, fish, tobacco • England provides manufactured goods to the colonies – ex: furniture, utensils, books, china

  46. Navigation Acts • a series of laws that regulated and restricted colonial trade, caused some resentment from colonists • Goods from the colonies had to be carried on British ships • Goods from the colonies had to be shipped through England first

  47. Stop and Think!! • Why did England impose the Navigation Acts? • How could this lead to resentment from the colonist?

  48. Glorious Revolution • William and Mary were named co-monarchs, replacing James II • England focused more on France than on the colonies

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