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Understanding IP Addressing in Internet Protocol

Explore the basics of IP addresses, subnetting, classes, and allocation. Learn about addressing examples, subnet masks, CIDR notation, and special addresses in the Internet Protocol.

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Understanding IP Addressing in Internet Protocol

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  1. Ch 18 IP Addresses Spring 2003

  2. Internet Protocol • Only protocol at Layer 3 • Defines • Internet addressing • Internet packet format • Internet routing

  3. IP Addressing • Independent of hardware addressing • Used by • Higher-layer protocols • Applications • IP address • 32-bit integer • Dotted decimal notation (e.g., 140.128.11.20) • Each connection must be assigned one unique IP address

  4. IP Address Details • Divided into two parts • Prefix identifies network (net ID) • Suffix identifies host (host ID) • max. number of host • Global authority assigns unique prefix to network • Local administrator assigns unique suffix to host

  5. IP Address Details • Default gateway 140.128.1.1 163.23.1.8 140.128 163.23 .5.2 DNS .1.2 .5.8 .12.24 .12.23

  6. Original Classes of IP Addresses

  7. Dotted Decimal Notation • Four decimal values per 32-bit address • Each decimal number • Represents eight bits • Is between 0 and 255

  8. Dotted Decimal Notation • Range for different classes of addresses • Class A: 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 • Class B: 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 • Class C: 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 • Class D: 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 • Class E: 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255

  9. Addressing Examples

  10. Division of the Address Space 10. x. y. z 7-bit 24-bit

  11. 172.21.0.0 172.25.0.0 172.22.0.0 172.24.0.0 172.23.0.0 Subnet and Classless Addressing • Exhaust five class-B addresses

  12. Subnet and Classless Addressing • Subnetting 16 bits 8 bits 8 bits Class B 172.21 X 0 Net Id Subnet Id Host Id 172.21.1.0 172.21.2.0 172.21.5.0 172.21.3.0 172.21.4.0

  13. Address Mask • Accompanies IP address • 32 bit binary value 16 bits 8 bits 8 bits Class B Net ID = 172.21 Subnet ID Host ID Subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 or 172.21.0.0 / 24 111…………….1 11……1 00…..0 16 bits 10 bits 6 bits Class B Net ID = 172.21 Subnet ID Host ID Subnet mask = 255.255.255.192 or 172.21.0.0 / 26 111…………….1 11……1 11 000000

  14. CIDR Notation • Uses slash notation • Example 128.211.0.0/17 Means that the boundary between prefix and suffix occurs after the first 17 bits

  15. IP Address Allocation • Static • public IP address (by hand) • private IP address (via NAT, IP sharing) • Dynamic • public IP address (via DHCP or relay agent)

  16. Special Addresses • 0.0.0.0 • 140.128.0.0 • 140.128.255.255 • 255.255.255.255 • 127.0.0.1

  17. Special Addresses • Loopback never leaves local computer • Multi-homed hosts • A host that connects to multiple networks

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