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CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

CARDIAC EMERGENCIES. Anatomy of the Heart. Muscular organ (fist size) Functions like a pump Protected by the ribs, sternum, and spine 4 chambers, right and left halves Supplied with blood by the coronary arteries. Functions of the Heart. Right atrium (receives O 2 poor blood from veins)

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CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

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  1. CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

  2. Anatomy of the Heart • Muscular organ (fist size) • Functions like a pump • Protected by the ribs, sternum, and spine • 4 chambers, right and left halves • Supplied with blood by the coronary arteries

  3. Functions of the Heart • Right atrium (receives O2 poor blood from veins) • Right ventricle (pumps O2 poor blood to the lungs) • Left atrium (receives O2 rich blood) • Left ventricle (pumps O2 rich blood to the body)

  4. HEART ATTACK • Coronary arteries fail to supply the heart muscle with O2 rich blood • Muscle tissue starts to die (too much = heart stops pumping blood) • Interrupts heart’s electrical system, causes irregular heartbeat

  5. Causes of Heart Attack • Cardiovascular Disease (heart and blood vessels) 70 million Americans have it 1 million deaths • Coronary Artery Disease

  6. Preventing Cardiovascular Disease • Early tendencies….junk food and smoking • Risk Factors • Gender….males higher • Family history of heart disease • Smoking* • Diets high in saturated fats* • Obesity* • High blood pressure* • Lack of exercise*

  7. Cardiovascular Disease • Cholesterol causes atherosclerosis

  8. S/S of Heart Attack • Persistent chest pain or discomfort • Difficulty breathing • Changes in pulse rate • Skin appearance

  9. Care for Heart Attack • Summon EMS • Convince victim to stop activity and rest • Help victim rest comfortably • SAMPLE History • Comfort the victim • Monitor Vitals • Be prepared for CPR

  10. CARDIAC ARREST • Heart stops beating or beats too weakly to circulate blood • Breathing stops—clinical death • Organs no longer receiving O2 rich blood • 300,000 deaths prior to reaching hospital

  11. Causes of Cardiac Arrest • *Cardiovascular disease* • Drowning • Suffocation • Certain drugs • Severe injuries to the chest • Severe blood loss • Electrocution • Stroke

  12. Stroke

  13. STROKE • A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." • Alternative Names • Cerebrovascular disease; CVA; Cerebral infarction; Cerebral hemorrhage 

  14. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • HCM is the leading cause of sudden death in young people • (1 in 500 people) • Excessive thickening of heart muscle • Anthony Bates Foundation

  15. Signs of Cardiac Arrest • NO PULSE • NO BREATHING

  16. Care for Cardiac Arrest • Call 911 • CPR and AED until ACLS equipment arrives

  17. Using an AED • Confirm cardiac arrest (ABC’s) • Do CPR until AED is ready • Open the lid of the AED • Attach the electrode pads to the chest • Dry and shave chest if necessary • Let the AED analyze the rhythm • Deliver a shock, if indicated

  18. Precautions….DO NOT: • use alcohol pads to clean the chest • touch victim while analyzing and defibrillating • use in a moving vehicle, water, or on sheet metal • use within 10 feet of cell phones • use on children under the age of 8 • use on someone wearing a nitroglycerine patch • use near flammable materials

  19. Adult CPR • Hand position • Body position • Compression depth….1.5-2 inches • Compression rate….30 compressions in 20 seconds • Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breaths

  20. ADULT CPR • Check LOC • Call 911 • Open airway, check for breathing • Give 2 slow breaths • Check for circulation and severe bleeding • Begin CPR by giving 30 compressions • Then give 2 slow breaths • Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths • After 1 minute, re-check the pulse for 5 seconds

  21. Child CPR • Hand position-1 hand • Body position • Compression depth…1-1.5 inches • Compression rate…5 compressions in 3 seconds • Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breath

  22. CHILD CPR • Check LOC • Call 911 • Open airway and check for breathing • Give 2 slow breaths • Check for circulation and severe bleeding • Begin CPR by giving 30 compressions • Then give 2 breaths • Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths • After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 seconds

  23. INFANT CPR • Hand position-nipple line, 2 fingers • Body position • Compression depth…1/2 to 1 inch • Compression rate…5 compressions in about 3 seconds • Cycle…5 compressions: 1 breath

  24. INFANT CPR • Check LOC • Call 911 • Open airway and check for breathing • Give 2 slow breaths • Check for circulation and severe bleeding • Begin CPR by giving 5 compressions • Then give 1 breath • Repeat cycles of 5 compressions and 1 breath • After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 seconds

  25. When to stop CPR • A person with higher training takes over • EMS takes over • Person’s heart starts beating • The scene becomes unsafe • An AED is being used • If you are presented with a DNR order • If you are too exhausted to continue

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