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First Physics at the LHC ALICE

First Physics at the LHC ALICE. Bjørn S. Nilsen Creighton University. CERN and the LHC. 9/29/1954 CERN born 11/24/1959 PS Starts 1976 SPS Starts July 1989 LEP starts 12/13/1990 ALICE collaboration formed 1993 ALICE proposed 11/2/2000 LEP ends 3/27/2007 Small Explosion

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First Physics at the LHC ALICE

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  1. First Physics at the LHCALICE Bjørn S. Nilsen Creighton University

  2. CERN and the LHC • 9/29/1954 CERN born • 11/24/1959 PS Starts • 1976 SPS Starts • July 1989 LEP starts • 12/13/1990 ALICE collaboration formed • 1993 ALICE proposed • 11/2/2000 LEP ends • 3/27/2007 Small Explosion Inner Triplet damaged • 9/19/2008 Big Explosion 53 magnets damaged • 11/23/2009 LHC’s First Collisions • 12/14/2009 2.36 TeV Collisions • 3/30/2010 7.0 TeV Collisions CMS ALICE ATLAS LHCb Genevé

  3. LHC Experiments • ALICE • Comprehensive Heavy-Ion program • Complementary p+p program • LHCb • B factory • ATLAS • Higgs Search • New Particle Search • Peripheral Heavy-Ion program • LHCf • CMS • Higgs Search • New Particle Search • Heavy-Ion Physics • Jets • Heavy resonances • TOTEM Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  4. A Large Ion Collider Experiment • TPC • ITS, SPD, SDD, SSD EMCAL • • ACORDE FMD • • T0 HMPID • • V0 PMD• TOF • • Muon,MTRG TRD • • VHMPID? • ADD • Dcal (EMCAL • compleation) • ZDC • PHOS, cpv Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  5. Measuring the Properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma • The Quark Gluon Plasma, QGP, is a state of matter dominated by the nuclear strong force. • Hottest Thing on Earth • Ice Freezes 0 C • Water Boils 100 C • Melting Point Iron 2750F (1510 C) • Surface of Sun 6,000 C • Center of Sun ~15,000,000 C • Plasma (Tokamak) ~100,000,000 C • QGP ~4,000,000,000,000 C QGP Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  6. Particle Physics in a Nutshell • Leptons • e±, ±,± • Quarks • u c t 2/3 e • d s b -1/3 e • Force partials • , W±, Z0, g, graviton • Higgs (Weak symmetry breaking) • h • Atoms • Electrons • Nucleus (Quarks + gluons) • Protons (uud) • Neutrons (ddu) Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  7. Kinematics in a nut shell  pz Mandelstam Variables = cm Energy2 ? Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  8. How pressure gradients affect the QGP fluid. FlowEquation of State Physical Review C, Volume 68, 034903 (2003)

  9. Jet Suppressionat STAR QGP Jet How fast moving colored objects behave in a strong force dominated medium Elena Bruna, for the STAR Collaboration Yale University, presentation at Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Ocho Rios, Jamaica January 2 - 9, 2010 Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  10. November 11 2009 First ALICE p-p Event √s=900 GeV

  11. First ALICE Events TPC, TRD, TOF, HMPID ITS Muon Spectrometer On 6th December, ‘stable beams’ were declared & we could switch on all ALICE detectors for the first time..

  12. last time measured at the ISR for pp The average number of charged particles created perpendicular to the beam in pp collisions at 900 GeV is: dN/dh = 3.10 ± 0.13 (stat) ± 0.22 (syst) First Publication This is the first (and easiest) of many numbers we need to (re)measure to get confidence in our detectors, tune the simulations, study background, ....

  13. Most Recent Preliminary Resultsp-p interactions • Charged particle multiplicity triggered by at least one charged particle within |η|<1.

  14. Most Recent Preliminary Resultsp-p interactions Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  15. Interaction Vertex Calculated in Offline from tracklets in Silicon Pixel Detector: sx ~ 475 µm sy ~ 475 µm sz ~ 4.2 cm Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  16. ITS No vertex cut ! TPC Particle ID by dE/dx Preliminary

  17. all plots: preliminary calibration & alignment ! TOF TRD Protons Electrons Kaons Pions Pions velocity v/c Particle ID working within each detector Preliminary Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School 15/2/2006 LHCC Status Report J. Schukraft

  18. PHOS (9 m2) p0 ® gg 1 < pt < 1.5 GeV PHOS Finds 0 Noise 0 Preliminary Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  19. g-ray image of ALICE photon conversion vertices SSD TPC Vessel 1 SDD SPD TPC Rods TPC Vessel 2 Track reconstruction in TPC Preliminary Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  20. p0 ® gg ® e+e- e+e- 0 using TPC m0=134.9766 MeV Preliminary Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  21. PDG: 1115.7 MeV L ® pp L ® pp X ® Lp ® pp p PDG: 1115.7 MeV Finding the Zoo of Particles Prelim inary

  22. K0s ® pp PDG: 497.6 MeV PDG: 1019.5 MeV F ® K+K- Still more Preliminary Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  23. Preliminary p/p ratio to study Baryon Transport via di-quark stopping or gluon junctions Once particles are identified And Many other Ratios Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  24. Data Monte Carlo (no HBT correlations) Including more complicated measures p-HBT correlation function to study space-time evolution (also reference for heavy ion data) Preliminary Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  25. Conclusion • Finally after many years, data is coming • At injection energy, 900 GeV • At LHC’s first acceleration to 2.36 GeV • Now LHC operating at 7.00 GeV • Things are working better than expected • There still is a lot of work to go • Many exciting results are anticipated • A number of unexpected things will happen • A number of unexpected results will surprise us all. Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  26. Upcoming Schedule End of 2010, First Ion-Ion run at 2.75 ? TeV/n cm. 2011, full p-p run at 7 TeV cm, at/near design luminosity. End of summer 2011, Pb-Pb run at 2.75 TeV/n cm. After summer 2011, long shutdown to finish repairs and get machine working at 14 TeV p-p cm.

  27. First Cosmic seen in ALICE TPCApril 7 2008 Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  28. First Beam Gas Events in ITS 6/4/2008 Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  29. First beam in LHCSeptember 10 2008 Signals as seen in ALICE’s V0A (blue) and V0C (red) Detectors Machine group has placed, up stream of ALICE, a small Wire Chamber which the beam interacts with producing a particle shower seen by ALICE. Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  30. During down time • Removed and reinstalled Mini-space frame Cabling nightmare, Please don’t do it again • Installed 4 EMCal Super Modules • Repaired TPC and other detectors • Fixed and many sundries things • Significant improvements in software, Online, Offline, and Grid Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

  31. ALICE V0 Timing V0-A side V0-A from interaction region from beam line V0-C V0-C side from interaction region from beam line Bjorn S. Nilsen, Creighton U. Mount Michael High School

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