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Network Processor and Its Applications (1)

Network Processor and Its Applications (1). Yan Luo yluo@cs.ucr.edu Prof. Laxmi Bhuyan bhuyan@cs.ucr.edu. Outline. Overview of the network processors Networking protocol stack IP routing Packet Classification Other applications. What the Internet Needs?. ASIC (large,

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Network Processor and Its Applications (1)

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  1. Network Processor and Its Applications (1) Yan Luo yluo@cs.ucr.edu Prof. Laxmi Bhuyan bhuyan@cs.ucr.edu Network Processor & Its Applications

  2. Outline • Overview of the network processors • Networking protocol stack • IP routing • Packet Classification • Other applications Network Processor & Its Applications

  3. What the Internet Needs? ASIC (large, expensive to develop, not flexible) Increasing Huge Amount of Packets & Routing, Packet Classification, Encryption, QoS, New Applications and Protocols, etc….. • High processing power • Support wire speed • Programmable • Scalable • Specially for network applications • … General Purpose RISC (not capable enough) Network Processor & Its Applications

  4. SDRAM (Packet buffer) SRAM (Routing table) Bus Bus Output ports Input ports multi-threaded processing elements Co-processor Network Processor Typical NP Architecture Network Processor & Its Applications

  5. Network Architecture and Applications • Introduction to networking • IP packet structure • Control and data planes • Traditional applications • IPv4 routing, classification etc. • New applications • URL-based switching,transcoding, etc. Network Processor & Its Applications

  6. B Network Network A DATA 7 Application AH DATA Application 7 6 Pre. Pre. 6 PH DATA 5 Session SH DATA Session 5 4 Transport TH DATA Transport 4 3 Network NH DATA Network 3 2 Data Link DH DATA Data Link 2 1 Physical PH DATA Physical 1 OSI Network Architecture Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  7. OSI TCP/IP 7 Application Application 6 Pre. 5 Session 4 Transport TCP 3 Network IP 2 Data Link Host-to-Net 1 Physical TCP/IP Model • ISO OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) not fully implemented • Presentation and Session layers not present in TCP/IP Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  8. MAC IP TCP APP. DATA MAC Source Port Destination Port Sequence Number Acknowledgement Number Header Length and Options Window Size Checksum Urgent Pointer Options (0 or more 32-bit words) TCP/IP packet Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  9. MAC IP TCP APP. DATA MAC Ver. IHL Service Type Total Length Identification Options and Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options (0 or more 32-bit words) TCP/IP packet Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  10. Preamble D. Add. S. Add. Leng. CRC TCP/IP packet MAC IP TCP APP. DATA MAC Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  11. Application Categorization • Control-Plane tasks • Less time-critical • Control and management of device operation • Table maintenance, port states, etc. • Data-Plane tasks • Operations occurring real-time on “packet path” • Core device operations • Receive, process and transmit packets Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  12. Policy Applications Network Management Control Plane Signaling Topology Management Queuing / Scheduling Data Transformation Data Plane Classification Data Parsing Media Access Control Physical Layer Processing Tasks Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  13. Data Plane Tasks • Media Access Control • Low-level protocol implementation • Ethernet, SONET framing, ATM cell processing, etc. • Data Parsing • Parsing cell or packet headers for address or protocol information • Classification • Identify packet against a criteria (filtering / forwarding decision, QoS, accounting, etc.) • Data Transformation • Transformation of packet data between protocols • Traffic Management • Queuing, scheduling and policing packet data Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  14. Network Processor Applications • Routing table lookup • Determine the next hop for incoming packets • Packet Classification • classify packets using header fields against a set of rules • URL-based Switching • Distribute HTTP requests based on URLs. • Transcoding • Encryption/Decryption, intrusion detection, firewall, access control checking, denial-of-service Network Processor & Its Applications

  15. IPv4 Routing • Routers determine next hop and forward packets P P P B A Router C Network Processor & Its Applications

  16. Trie-based Routing Table Lookup • Trie block keeps pointers to route entry and other trie blocks • Destination IP address bits are examined group by group (4-bit) rt_ptr trie_ptr 0 Trie block Next hop 3 Next hop 4 15 Next hop 1 Next hop 2 Network Processor & Its Applications

  17. Example rt_ptr trie_ptr 0 Next hop 3 Next hop 4 15 Next hop 1 Next hop 2 Packet destination IP address =0x13fe2233 (0001,0011,1111,1110,…) Network Processor & Its Applications

  18. Encoding prefixes as ranges 1* -> [100000,111111] 101* -> [101000,101111] 10101* -> [101010,101011] 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 101011 101110 111110 L L L H H L L,H H H Narrowest enclosing Range containing A A IP Lookups using Multi-way Multi-column Search Illustration of the idea with 6-bit address Prefixes: 1* 101 * 10101* 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 101011 101110 111110 Binary search does not work with variable length strings. • end up far away from the matching prefix • Multiple addresses that match to different prefix, end up in the same region Network Processor & Its Applications

  19. 3-way tree for 8 keys P1: 1* -> [100000,111111] P2: 101* -> [101000,101111] P3: 10101* -> [101010,101011] k3 k6 Any region in the binary search between two consecutive numbers corresponds to a unique prefix k1 k2 k4 k5 k7 k8 > = p1) 1 0 0 0 0 0 p1 p1 p2) 1 0 1 0 0 0 p2 p2 p3) 1 0 1 0 1 0 p3 p3 1 0 1 0 1 1p2p3 1 0 1 1 1 1p1p2 1 1 1 1 1 1 - p1 info info info info info info info info info Multi-column search is used for wide address such as IPv6 W/M words A C E A D C A M W B M W B N X B N Y Probe 1 2 3 Multi-way multi-column search Network Processor & Its Applications

  20. Packet Classification • Routers are required to distinguish packets for • Flow identification • Fair sharing of bandwidth • QoS • Security • Accounting, billing • etc • Packets are classified by rules • Src IP, Dest IP, src port #, dest port # etc • Classification Algorithm Metrics • Search speed • Storage cost • Scalability • Updates • Etc. Network Processor & Its Applications

  21. Classification: Hierarchical tries • Extension of the one dimensional radix trie • Construct trie recursively: • Contruct F1-trie on the set of prefix {Rj1} • For each prefix p in F1-trie, we recursively construct (d-1) dimensional hierarchical trie on rules where {Rj:Rj1=p} Pankaj Gupta and Nick McKeown,"Algorithms for Packet Classification", IEEE Network Special Issue, March/April 2001, vol. 15, no. 2, pp 24-32. Network Processor & Its Applications

  22. Classification: Bitmap-intersection The set of rules S that a packet matches is the intersection of d sets, Si Where Si is the set of rules that match the packet in the i-th dimension alone. 0 0 Pankaj Gupta and Nick McKeown,"Algorithms for Packet Classification", IEEE Network Special Issue, March/April 2001, vol. 15, no. 2, pp 24-32. Network Processor & Its Applications

  23. URL-based switching • Increase efficiency • Tasks • Traverse the packet data (request) for each arriving packet and classify it: • Contains ‘.jpg’ -> to image server • Contains ‘cgi-bin/’ -> to application server www.yahoo.com Internet Image Server IP TCP APP. DATA Application Server Switch GET /cgi-bin/form HTTP/1.1 Host: www.yahoo.com… HTML Server Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  24. Corporate Network Mpeg encoder Video-on-demand server Transcoder Internet Media Player Transcoders • Two important requirements • If the receiver is not capable of interpreting the stored data (multimedia transcoders) • wireless receivers, hand-held devices, etc. • Compression for bandwidth and storage efficiency Source: Network Processor Tutorial in Micro 34 - Mangione-Smith & Memik Network Processor & Its Applications

  25. Summary • NP is developing very fast and is a hot research area • Multithreaded NP Architectures provide tremendous packet processing capability • NP can be applied in various network layers and applications • Traditional apps – forwarding, classification • Advanced apps – transcoding, URL-based switching, security etc. • New apps Network Processor & Its Applications

  26. Reference • Pankaj Gupta and Nick McKeown,"Algorithms for Packet Classification", IEEE Network Special Issue, March/April 2001, vol. 15, no. 2, pp 24-32. • Bill Mangione-Smith, Gokhan Memik, Network Processing: Applications, Architectures and Examples – Tutorial at Micro 34, Dec. 2001 • B. Lampson, V. Srinivasan and G. Varghese, IP Lookups using Multiway and Multicolumn Search, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, August 1, 1997 • Intel IXP1200 Network Processor Family - Development Tools User's Guide, Intel Network Processor & Its Applications

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