1 / 23

USING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO GUIDE A BUSINESS

USING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO GUIDE A BUSINESS. UNIT 3 • SHOW ME THE MONEY: FINDING, SECURING, AND MANAGING IT. Class Name Instructor Name Date, Semester. Performance Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Performance Objectives.

vondra
Download Presentation

USING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO GUIDE A BUSINESS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. USING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO GUIDE A BUSINESS • UNIT 3 • SHOW ME THE MONEY: FINDING, SECURING, AND MANAGING IT Class Name Instructor Name Date, Semester

  2. Performance Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Performance Objectives 1. Understand an income statement.2. Examine a balance sheet to determine a business’s financing strategy.3. Use the balance sheet equation for analysis.4. Perform a financial ratio analysis of an income statement.5. Calculate return on investment.6. Perform same-size (common-sized) analysis of an income statement.7. Use quick, current, and debt ratios to analyze a balance sheet.

  3. Scorecard for the Entrepreneur: What Do Financial Statements Show? 8 Income Statement Balance Sheet Cash Flow Statement

  4. Income Statements: Showing Profitand Loss over Time 8 Part of an Income Statement: • Revenue • Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) • Gross Profit • Other Variable Costs • Contribution Margin (Gross Profit) • Fixed Operating Costs (USAIIRD) • Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) • Pre-Tax Profit • Taxes • Net Profit/(Loss)

  5. 8 A Basic Income Statement: The power of the income statement is that it will tell you whether you are fulfilling the formula of buying low, selling high, and meeting customer needs. The Double Bottom Line: Ideally, you want to have a positive double bottom line; you are making a profit so you can stay in business and achieve your mission

  6. 8 A Simple Income Statement

  7. Income Statement for a More Complex Business 8

  8. 8 Return on Investment (ROI) Entrepreneurs “invest” time, energy or money into something because they expect a “return” of money or satisfaction. Return on investment (ROI) measures return as a percentage of the original investment. Net Profit/Investment X 100 = ROI% What is made over what is paid, times 100.

  9. The Balance Sheet: A Snapshot of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity at a Point in Time 8 Net Worth (owner’s equity) – the difference between assets and liabilities. • Assets: items a company own that have monetary value. • Liabilities: debts a company has that must be paid, including unpaid bills. • Owner’s Equity (OE): also called net worth. It shows the amount of capital in the business. It consists of common equity, preferred equity, paid-in-capital Fiscal Year – the 12 month financial reporting period for a company

  10. 8 Short-and Long-Term Assets Current Assets – cash or items that can be quickly converted to cash or will be used within one year. Long-term Assets – those that will take more than one year to use.

  11. 8 Current and Long-Term Liabilities Liabilities – are all debts owed by the business, such as bank loans, mortgages, lines of credit, and loans to family or friends. Current Liabilities- debts that are scheduled for payment within that year. Long-Term Liabilities – debts that are due in over one year.

  12. 8 The Balance Sheet Equation Balance Sheet Equation – is the equation for calculating owner’s equity. If assets are greater that liabilities, net worth is positive. If liabilities are greater than assets, net worth is negative Assets – liabilities = Net Worth (or Owner’s Equity or Capital or Assets = liabilities + Owner’s Equity or Liabilities = Assets - Owner’s Equity

  13. The Balance Sheet Shows Assets and Liabilities Obtained through Financing 8 If an item was financed with debt, the loan is a liability. If an item was purchased with the owner’s own money (including that of shareholders), it was financed with equity.

  14. 8 Balance Sheet Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Owner’s Equity (OE)

  15. The Balance Sheet Shows How a Business Is Financed 8 An entrepreneur that relies too much on equity financing from outside investors (who have thus become owners) can lose control of the company. An entrepreneur who takes on too much debt and is unable to make loan payments can lose the business, and possibly personal assets as well, to banks or other creditors.

  16. 8 Analyzing a Balance Sheet Comparing balance sheets from two points in time is an excellent way to see whether or not a business has been financially successful. • Assets • Cash • Inventory • Capital equipment • Other assets • Total assets • Liabilities • Short-term liabilities • Long-term liabilities • Owner’s equity • Depreciation – a certain portion of an asset that is subtracted each year until the asset’s value reaches zero.

  17. 8

  18. Financial Ration Analysis: What Is It and What Does It Mean to You? 8 Income Statement Ratios: divide sales into each line item and multiply by a hundred. Return on Investment • Investment – something that a person or entity devotes resources to in hopes of future profits or satisfaction. • Return on Investments (ROI) - the net profit of a business divided by its start-up investment (percentage) • Wealth – the value of assets owned minus the value of liabilities owed. • Net profit. • Total investment in the business. • The period of time for which you are calculating ROI. Net Profit ROI = Investment x 100 = ROI

  19. 8 Return on Sales Return on sales (ROS) – net income divided by sales for a particular time period (percentage). Profit margin (return on sales) – net income divided by sales (percentage). Common-Sized Statement Analysis • Operating ratio: an expression of a value versus sales Balance-Sheet Analysis Net Income Return on Sales (ROS) = Sales

  20. 8 Current & Quick Rations Liquidity – the ability to convert assets into cash. Current Ratio-liquidity ration consisting of the total sum of cash plus marketable securities divided by current liabilities. Marketable Securities- investments that can be converted into cash within 24 hours. Quick Ration-the calculation of cash in relation to covering current debt. Cash + Marketable Securities Quick Ratio = Current Liabilities Current Liabilities – ( Inventory + Prepayments) Quick Ratio = Current Liabilities

  21. Debt Ratios: Showing the Relationship Between Debt & Equity 8 Debt-to-Equity Ratio – the comparison of total debt to total equity. Debt Ratio – the comparison of total debt to total assets. Debt Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Equity Total Debt Debt Ratio = Total Assets

  22. 8 Operating-Efficiency Ratios • Collection-period ratio • Receivable turnover ratio • Inventory turnover ratio Average Accounts Receivable (Balance Sheet) = # of days Average Daily Sales (Income Statement) Total Sales (Income Statement) = # of times Average Accounts Receivable (Balance Sheet) Cost of Goods Sold (Income Statement) = # of times Average Inventory (Balance Sheet)

  23. Key Terms current assets current liabilities current ratio debt ratio debt-to-equity ratio fiscal year investment liquidity

More Related