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Cranial Nerves Exam

Cranial Nerves Exam. 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Functions of cranial nerves.

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Cranial Nerves Exam

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  1. Cranial Nerves Exam

  2. 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

  3. Functions of cranial nerves • 􀂇 Some of these nerves bring information from the sense organs to the brain; • 􀂇 Others control muscles; • 􀂇 Others are connected to glands or internal organs such as the heart and lungs.

  4. The innervation areas of the cranial nerves

  5. [Experimental method & procedure] CN I: Olfactory: smell 1. Ask the subject if he/she has a subjective olfactory problem. 2. Check for rash, deformity of nose.

  6. CN II: Optic: vision • 􀂇 There are two main aspects to this nerve: • 􀂄 1. Examine visual acuity • 􀂄 2. Examine visual fields

  7. CN III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear,Abducens • 􀂇 CN III Oculomotor: • 􀂄 Eyelid and eyeball movement • 􀂇 CN IV Trochlear: • 􀂄 Innervates superior oblique • 􀂄 Turns eye downward and laterally • 􀂇 CN VI Abducens: • 􀂄 Turns eye laterally • 􀂇 Cranial Nerves III, IV and VI supply the muscles of eye movement and are tested as a unit.

  8. 1. Appearance of eyes: 2. Eyeball movement: 3. Look at pupils: 4. Test pupillary light reaction: 5. Pupillary reaction to convergenceتقارب and accommodation reflex

  9. CN V: Trigeminal • 􀂇 Functions: - Chewing - Face & mouth touch & pain • 􀂇 1. Facial sensation: • 1) Use sterile sharp item on forehead, cheek and jaw. • 2) If abnormal, then test temperature

  10. 2. Motor: Subject opens mouth, clenches teeth اطبق الاسنان. • 1) Palpate temporal, masseter muscles as they clench. • 2) Subject opens mouth; assess the symmetry of the mouth.

  11. 􀂇 3. Test jaw jerk: • 1) Examiner places finger on tip of jaw. • 2) hold patellar hammer halfway up shaft and tap examiner’s finger lightly. • 3) Usually nothing happens, or just a slight closure.

  12. CN VII: Facial • Functions: controls most facial expressions, secretion of tears & saliva, taste

  13. CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear • 􀂇 Functions: hearing; equilibrium sensation • 􀂇 Auditory acuity 1. Rinne test: 2. Weber test:

  14. CN IX, X: Glossopharyngeal, Vagus • 􀂇 CN IX Glossopharyngeal: • 􀂄 taste • 􀂄 senses carotid blood pressure • 􀂇 CN X Vagus: • 􀂄 senses aortic blood pressure • 􀂄 slows heart rate • 􀂄 stimulates digestive organs • 􀂄 taste

  15. CN IX, X: Glossopharyngeal, Vagus • 􀂇 Some useful tests for detection of deficiencies in motor function of the palate, pharynx, and larynx are . • 1. Palatal Elevation • 2. Gag reflex • 3. Voice Quality • 5. Taste test .

  16. CN XI: Accessory • 􀂇Functions: • Controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid • Controls swallowing movements

  17. Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius muscle

  18. CN XI: Accessory • 􀂇 1. Sternocleidomastoid • Press a hand against the patient's jaw and have the patient rotate the head against resistance. Pressing against the right jaw tests the left sternocleidomastoid and vice versa. • 􀂇 2. Trapezius • Have the patient shrug shoulders against resistance and assess weakness.

  19. CN XII: Hypoglossal • Function: controls tongue movements 1. Listen to articulation نطق. 2. check tongue in mouth . 3. Protrude tongue: deviates to affected side.

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