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40 Minutes

References : -FTGU, pages 140 to 145 -Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Pilot -Air Command Weather Manual, Chapter 7 and 8. Ground School: Meteorology. 5.09 Fronts and Frontal Weather. 40 Minutes. Ground School 5.09 Meteorology - Review.

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40 Minutes

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  1. References: -FTGU, pages 140 to 145 -Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide Pilot -Air Command Weather Manual, Chapter 7 and 8 Ground School: Meteorology 5.09 Fronts and Frontal Weather 40 Minutes

  2. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Review 1. What type of weather is associated with: a. A cold air mass: Good visibility, cumulus clouds, turbulence, showers b. A warm air mass: Poor visibility, stratus clouds, smooth air, steady precipitation 2. What is an air mass? A mass with uniform properties of temperature and moisture 3. Name some air masses that are over North America. Continental Arctic (cA), Maritime Polar (mP), Continental Polar (cP), Maritime Tropical (mT)

  3. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Fronts • MTPs: • Front - Definition • Front Formation • Warm Front • Cold Front • Fronts as seen on maps • Stationary Fronts • Occluded Fronts • Upper Fronts

  4. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Fronts • Definition: • FTGU: Transition zone between two air masses • What’s happening at a front? • Large change of temperature within a relatively short distance of 50-100 miles in the zone between air masses • The interaction zone between the air masses is responsible for weather changes Front

  5. Ground School5.09 Meteorology – Front Formation • Require: • a cold air mass and a warm air mass are lying adjacent • mixing action

  6. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Warm Front • A warm front is the retreating edge of a cold air mass • Warm air advances and overruns retreating cold air • Warm air rises since it is less dense than cold air • Usually moves slower than a cold front • Long gentle frontal slope. Simulation: see http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

  7. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Warm Front Warm front weather • Warm air mass pushes moisture up the slope, causing cloud and precipitation • Overrunning, moisture content and stability of warm air determines severity of weather • If the warm air is unstable, thunderstorms may be embedded

  8. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Warm Front

  9. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Warm Front • Indication of Approaching Warm Front: • CCANS • Cirrus • Cirrostratus • Altostratus • Nimbostratus • Stratus

  10. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Cold Front • A cold front is the leading edge of an advancing cold air mass • Cold air undercuts the warm air • Rising warm air expands and cools • Cumulus cloud

  11. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Cold Front • Slope can be very steep • Weather severity determined by moisture content and stability of the warm air mass Simulation http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

  12. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Cold Front

  13. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Cold Front • Temperature • May drop sharply after front passes • Usually drops gradually as air behind is warmed by the ground • Pressure • Decrease, followed by a marked rise after frontal passage

  14. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Cold and Warm Front • Red = Warm • Blue = Cold

  15. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Cold and Warm Front SUMMARY 300nm to 600nm

  16. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Stationary Front • Sometimes an air mass is neither advancing nor retreating • Results in Stationary Front • After a few days, the front may dissipate or start moving Simulation http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

  17. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Occluded Front Occluded front • Cold air moves faster than warm air therefore cold front may catch up to warm front • Cold front undercuts and lifts existing warm front Simulation http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/

  18. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Occluded Front • Results is a trough of warm air aloft » TROWAL • TROWAL weather varies • Combination of cold and warm frontal conditions

  19. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Upper Front • Upper Cold Front: Cold front crosses valley where there is colder air that cannot be undercut • Front is lifted • Upper Warm Front: Warm front crosses cold air trapped on the ground • Very shallow frontal edge, followed by a sudden steepening of the frontal slope

  20. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Upper Front • Another type of Upper Warm Front: • Occurs on a hot day • Cold air is heated at the until it is no longer considered cold • Results in Upper Warm front.

  21. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Confirmation 1. Label where the cold front and where the warm front is. 2. Label what clouds are associated with the fronts 3. Draw an arrow to show which direction the front is moving

  22. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Confirmation • What weather is associated with a cold front? • What weather is associated with a warm front? • What types of front are the following?

  23. Ground School5.09 Meteorology - Fronts “Oh, Oh.”

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