Chapter 3 Physical Activity and Fitness

1. Chapter 3 Physical Activityand Fitness Lesson 3 Exploring theCirculatory System Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >>

2. In this lesson, you will be able to • identifythe structure and functions of the circulatory system. • describehow blood circulates through the body. • recognizehow to care for your circulatory system.

3. In Class Activity • Read textbook pages 71-72 • In your notebook copy the 6 vocabulary words highlighted in yellow and their definition which is in italics • Leave space to take notes

4. The group of organs and tissues that act as transfer stations carrying needed materials to cells and removing their waste products • circulatory system Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body • arteries Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart • veins Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect arteries and veins • capillaries

5. pulmonarycirculation When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart • systemiccirculation When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs The force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels • blood pressure

6. The circulatory system includes the heart, the blood vessels and the blood. circulatory system The group of organs and tissues that act as transfer stations carrying needed materials to cells and removing their waste products Is also called the cardiovascular system cardio refers to the heart vascular refers to the blood vessels.

7. Your Heart and Blood Vessels The Heart

8. The Heart a muscle that acts as a pump for the circulatory system blood is pumped from the heart to the body’s cells – back to the heart usually beats from 60 to 100 times per minute can go much faster when it needs to It beats about 100,000 times a day more than 30 million times per year about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime.

9. The Chambers of the Heart

10. Atrium One of the two upper chambers of the heart … a receiving chamber Right atrium receives blood from the body Oxygen poor blood Left atrium receives blood from the lungs Oxygen rich blood The Chambers of the Heart

11. Ventricle One of two lower chambers of the heart a pumping chamber Right ventricle sends (pumps) blood to the lungs oxygen poor blood Left ventricle sends (pumps) blood to the body oxygen rich blood to the body The Chambers of the Heart

12. Septum • Separates the two sides of the heart • the right and left side

13. Heart Valves KEEPS BLOOD GOING IN THE CORRECT DIRECTION

14. Blood Vessels • tubes that carry blood throughout the body • blood is pumped, by the heart to the body’s cells through blood vessels • 3 Types of Blood Vessels are: • Artery • Vein • Capillaries

15. The heart pumps blood around the body through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body veins Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart capillaries Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect arteries and veins

16. Arteries • oxygen poor blood • the only arteries that are oxygen poor • blood rich in carbon dioxide • Tubes that carry blood away from heart to body’s cells • usually oxygen rich blood • Aorta is the main artery of the body • oxygen rich blood leaves the heart through the aorta • Pulmonary Arteries tubes that carry blood from the heart to the lungs

17. Veins Pulmonary Veins • Veins that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart • oxygen rich blood • the only veins that are oxygen rich • Tubes that carry blood toward the heart from the body’s cells • brings this blood back to heart/lungs to get more oxygen • usually oxygen poor blood

18. In Class Activity • Read textbook pages 73-76 • In your notebook copy the 2 vocabulary words highlighted in yellow and their definition which is in italics • Leave space to take notes

19. What Makes Up Your Blood?

20. What Makes Up Your Blood? Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. plasma The yellowish, watery part of blood Plasma makes up over half the volume of blood.

21. What Makes Up Your Blood? • job is to transport nutrients, hormones, minerals and blood cells • 92% of plasma is water Plasma The body’s main defense against germs and bacteria. Helps destroy disease germs White Blood Cells Platelets & Red Blood Cells • Blood cells which help the blood to clot • keeps you from losing too much blood when you bleed Carries oxygen to the cells throughout the body Page 74 in textbook show pictures of what they look like

22. Knowing what blood type you have is important for a person who may need blood from a donor during surgery. Blood Types Red blood cells are one of four types: A, B, AB, or O. Most people’s blood contains a substance called an Rh factor, a type of protein. Some blood types are compatible and others are not compatible. • People who have an Rh-factor in their blood are called Rh-positive. • Rh negative people do not have this substance in their blood. • Rh-negative people can only receive blood donations from people who are Rh-negative. • Rh-positive people can receive blood donations from either Rh-positive or Rh-negative donors.

23. Blood Types and Compatibility TypeO >>> Compatible with all others O-negative is call a universal donor TypeA TypeB TypeAB

24. The Process of Circulation The process of circulation involves pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. systemic relates to the body pulmonary refers to the lungs pulmonary circulation When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart systemic circulation When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs The oxygen-rich blood also delivers other nutrients to the cells and picks up waste products from the cells

25. Page 72 in textbook

26. Blood Pressure A certain amount of blood pressure is needed to make blood circulate. blood pressure The force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels

27. Blood Pressure A blood pressure reading measures two numbers. example 110/70 The first is systolic pressure and the second is diastolic pressure.

28. blood pressure The force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels Systolic pressure: first number – 110 When the heart contracts pushing the blood out and into the arteries Diastolic pressure: second number – 70 When the heart relaxes (between heart beats) to refill with blood

29. Resting Heart Rate With exercise After exercise recovery Heart Rate is how many times the heart beats per minute.

30. Caring for Your Circulatory System Tips for Caring for Your Circulatory System Make aerobic activity a habit. Follow a balanced food plan that is low in fats. Develop strategies for managing stress. Avoid using tobacco.

31. Caring for Your Circulatory System Make aerobic activity a habit. • Improves cardiovascular endurance, which helps the circulatory system • Increases the heart’s capacity to pump blood • Muscles receive more oxygen • Lessens fatty buildup in arteries • Helps achieve a healthy weight, which means the heart doesn’t have to work too hard

32. Caring for Your Circulatory System Follow a balanced food plan that is low in fats. • A good diet can help prevent clogged vessels, • high blood pressure and other problems • Salty foods can raise blood pressure and cause heart disease • Foods high in saturated fat can clogged blood vessels • Too much cholesterol can lead to heart disease • Too much caffeine can cause the heart to beat rapidly or irregularly

33. Caring for Your Circulatory System Develop strategies for managing stress. Stress can strain the heart and blood vessels Heart beats faster when a person is experiencing stress Avoid using tobacco. Tobacco narrows the blood vessels, cutting down the oxygen supply

34. Carbon monoxide from smoke reduces the amount of oxygen that the blood carries So the body organs receive less oxygen from blood Nicotine increases heart rate Nicotine causes blood vessels to become narrow Narrow blood vessels make the heart pump harder to move blood through the body This strains the heart … causes heart attacks CANCER AND HEART DISEASE ARE CAUSED BY SMOKING IT MAY TAKE YEARS TO DEVELOP Don’t smoke – Stay away from second hand smoke

35. Lesson 3 Review What I Learned IdentifyWhat is the function of the circulatory system? It carries the needed materials to cells and removes their waste products

36. Lesson 3 Review What I Learned VocabularyDefine blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels.

37. Lesson 3 Review What I Learned ExplainWhy can’t certain blood types be combined? because the red blood cells will clump together and block the blood vessel

38. Lesson 3 Review What I Learned DistinguishWhat is the difference betweenpulmonary and systemic circulation? Pulmonary circulation moves blood back and forth between the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation moves blood back and forth between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs.

39. Lesson 3 Review Thinking Critically InferWhy do you think a blood pressure reading ispart of a typical medical checkup? High blood pressure is harmful to the cardiovascular system.

40. Lesson 3 Review Thinking Critically ApplyIn what ways do you think buildingcardiovascular endurance now will benefit youlater in life? Sample answer: It will make your heart stronger and help prevent fatty buildup in your arteries.

41. End of Chapter 3 Physical Activityand Fitness Lesson 3 Exploring theCirculatory System Click for: >> Main Menu >> Chapter 3 Assessment