Rockets: The Science, Space Exploration, and Using Space Science on Earth

1. Table of Contents • Chapter Preview • 13.1 The Science of Rockets • 13.2 The Space Program • 13.3 Exploring Space Today • 13.4 Using Space Science on Earth

2. Chapter Preview Questions • 1. If the forces on an object are balanced, a moving object will • a. speed up. • b. slow down. • c. change direction. • d. continue on its original path.

3. Chapter Preview Questions • 1. If the forces on an object are balanced, a moving object will • a. speed up. • b. slow down. • c. change direction. • d. continue on its original path.

4. Chapter Preview Questions • 2. Which of the following could NOT happen if the forces on a • moving object are unbalanced? • a. The object will speed up. • b. The object will slow down. • c. The object will change direction. • d. The object will continue on its original path.

5. Chapter Preview Questions • 2. Which of the following could NOT happen if the forces on a • moving object are unbalanced? • a. The object will speed up. • b. The object will slow down. • c. The object will change direction. • d. The object will continue on its original path.

6. Chapter Preview Questions • 3. What force holds the planets in orbit around the sun? • a. gravity • b. friction • c. magnetic force • d. atomic force

7. Chapter Preview Questions • 3. What force holds the planets in orbit around the sun? • a. gravity • b. friction • c. magnetic force • d. atomic force

8. Chapter Preview Questions • 4. The force of gravity between two objects depends on the mass of the objects and the • a. speed at which they are moving. • b. amount of friction between them. • c. distance between them. • d. volume of the object.

9. Chapter Preview Questions • 4. The force of gravity between two objects depends on the mass of the objects and the • a. speed at which they are moving. • b. amount of friction between them. • c. distance between them. • d. volume of the object.

10. Look at the photo of an astronaut below. The astronaut and other objects seem to be floating. Why do you think astronauts appear to float when in orbit? How do scientists learn more about the solar system?

11. High-Use Academic Words n. That from which something comes into existence Gasoline is the source of power for most cars.

12. High-Use Academic Words n. A person who buys goods and services for personal needs People who buy food, clothing, and TVs are consumers.

13. High-Use Academic Words Daily exercise benefits nearly everyone. v. To bring help; aid

14. High-Use Academic Words n. A way of changing the natural world to meet human needs The technology of personal computers has changed the way people communicate.

15. Apply It! From the previous list, choose the word that best completes the sentence. 1. When you buy new clothes, you are a . consumer 2. DVD players are an example of a new . technology 3. Medicines people who are sick. benefit

16. End of Chapter Preview

17. Section 1:The Science of Rockets • How were rockets developed? • How does a rocket work? • What is the main advantage of a multistage rocket?

18. How Do Rockets Work? • A rocket moves forward when gases shooting out the back of the rocket push it in the opposite direction.

19. Rocket Altitude • A rocket’s altitude is how high it is above the ground. Use the graph to answer the following questions about how a model rocket’s altitude changes over time.

20. Altitude and time, meters and seconds Reading Graphs: What two variables are being graphed? In what unit is each measured? Rocket Altitude

21. About 65 meters; about 128 meters Reading Graphs: What was the rocket’s altitude after 2 seconds? After 4 seconds? Rocket Altitude

22. 6 seconds Reading Graphs: At what time did the rocket reach its greatest altitude? Rocket Altitude

23. The rocket’s inertia caused it to continue to rise after its fuel ran out. Eventually friction caused the rocket to slow down and gravity caused it to fall Inferring: Why do you think the rocket continued to rise after it ran out of fuel? Rocket Altitude

24. A Multistage Rocket • A typical multistage rocket has three stages. Each of the first two stages burns all of its fuel and then drops off. The next stage then takes over.

25. Multistage Rocket Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about multistage rockets.

26. End of Section:The Science of Rockets

27. Section 2:The Space Program • What was the space race? • What were the major events in human exploration of the moon?

28. Missions to the Moon • The American effort to land astronauts on the moon was named the Apollo program.

29. More on Lunar Exploration • Click the PHSchool.com button for an activityabout lunar exploration.

30. The Race for Space • Click the Video button to watch a movie about the race for space.

31. End of Section:The Space Program

32. Section 3:Exploring Space Today • What are the roles of space shuttles and space stations? • What features do space probes have in common?

33. The Space Shuttle • NASA has used space shuttles to perform many important tasks. These include taking satellites into orbit, repairing damaged satellites, and carrying astronauts and equipment to and from space stations.

34. Links on Space Exploration • Click the SciLinks button for links on space exploration.

35. End of Section:Exploring Space Today

36. Section 4:Using Space Science on Earth • How are the conditions on space different from those on Earth? • How has space technology benefited modern society? • What are some uses of satellites orbiting Earth?

37. Space Spinoffs • Many technologies that were developed for the space program have proved useful on Earth as well.

38. Links on Satellite Technology • Click the SciLinks button for links on satellite technology.

39. End of Section:Using Space Science on Earth

40. QuickTake Quiz • Click to start quiz.