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World War I: The Great Conflict of 1914-1919

Explore the causes, events, and aftermath of WWI, from secret treaties to submarine warfare, and America's role in the conflict. Learn about the significant impact of the Treaty of Versailles and the rise of Nazi Germany.

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World War I: The Great Conflict of 1914-1919

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  1. World War I “The Great War” 1914-1919

  2. Reasons for War • Secret Treaties Among Nations • Aid each other if a nation were under attack • June 1914 – Assassination of Austria Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Austria-Hungary blames Serbia, Serbia refuses to meet the demands of Austria-Hungary, A-H declares war • Sets off a chain reaction in Europe

  3. Choosing Sides • Germany, Austria-Hungary – Central Powers • Great Britain, France, Russia – Allied Powers • America claims neutrality! • Protect investments • Act as peacemaker

  4. American Neutrality? • German Submarine Warfare • Germans promised to sink any ship it thought was carrying weapons to the Allies • Lusitania sunk in the Irish Sea (1915) – 128 Americans dead.

  5. American Neutrality? • Zimmerman Telegram • British intercept a German telegram to Mexico • “You help us, we will help Mexico retake lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.” • Not taken seriously by U.S. or Mexico, but the pro-war propaganda from the event was huge!

  6. America’s Entry into WWI • Draft • Armed forces are very small • Selective Service Act (1917) • American Expeditionary Force (AEF) – Volunteers, National Guardsmen, Draftees

  7. America’s Entry into WWI • Convoy System • Protect Merchant and Troop ships from U-boats • Surround American ships with a convoy of small destroyers

  8. World War I Warfare • Trench Warfare • Tanks • Machine Guns • 150 rounds per minute • Gas Attacks • Mustard, Chlorine, Tear • Submarines- “Untersee boot” • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/index.shtml • http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory

  9. America on the Home Front • New Gov’t. Agencies • Fuel Administration - gasless days and daylight savings time introduced • War Trade Board – licensed foreign trade, made sure firms were real and not aiding the enemy • Food Administration – increase the agricultural output and reduce waste

  10. Postwar • President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points – blueprint for peace • Secret Treaties Must Go! • Freedom on the Seas • Reduction in Armaments

  11. Postwar • Treaty of Versailles • Germany is absolutely crippled financially • Allies – “You owe $33 billion!” • Germany can’t even come close to paying this amount • Economic hardships after WWI lead to the rise of Nazi Germany in the 1930’s and WWII

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