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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Transformation of the West 1450-1750. The Protestant Reformation 1517 – ca.1564. How and why are these two churches different?. What was the Protestant Reformation?. Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Transformation of the West 1450-1750

  2. The Protestant Reformation1517 – ca.1564 How and why are these two churches different?

  3. What was the Protestant Reformation? • Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic • The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church • People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

  4. Causes of the Reformation • 100 Years War and Black Death • Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church • The Corruption within the Catholic Church

  5. Martin Luther- 1517 • German monk • Questioned Churches practices • Sale of indulgences by Johann Tetzel building a church • “ selling forgiveness for sins” • Automatic trip to heaven in after-life

  6. ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

  7. 95 Theses • Luther was so upset at church he decided to write down the 95 Theses (95 things church is doing wrong) and nails them to the church in Wittenberg (Germany)

  8. How did this become such a big deal? • effect of the printing press –spread ideas faster • Opened people’s eyes to church malpractices

  9. Martin Luther • “Faith Alone” will save you • All should read the Bible in their own vernacular (language) • Priests do not have special powers • Simplify the sacraments to baptism and communion • Religious Education for all.

  10. Church’s Reaction • Want Martin Luther to recant (take back) what he said at Diet of Worms. • Diet – group/assembly • Worms is a place in Germany

  11. Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!Hiersteheich. Ichkannnichtanders. Gotthelfemir. Amen.“ ("Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God help me. Amen.") He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

  12. John Calvin - Calvinism • French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland • “Faith Alone” saves you • The Bible holds the truth • Religious Education • PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

  13. Henry VIII of England • Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn • Pope refused to grant it • Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534 • In America we call this the Anglican Church

  14. The Wives of Henry VIII Catherine Howard Anne Boleyn Catherine Parr Anne of Cleves Jane Seymour Catherine of Aragon

  15. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

  16. When the Dust Settles:Catholicism vs. Protestantism • Scripture interpreted by wisdom • Good Works and Faith • 7 Sacraments • Stick with Latin • Clergy must be celibate and chaste • Purgatory is real • Honour Saints • Scripture as you read it • Faith Alone • 2 Sacraments- Eucharist, Baptism • Language of the people • Clergy could marry • Go to Heaven or Hell • Criticized Honouring Saints Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  17. Protestant Reformation leads directly to: • 1. Thirty Years War- Holy Roman Empire vs. German Protestant Princes. Ends with Treaty of Westphalia. • 2. English Civil War- Catholic King Charles I beheaded by Parliament under Oliver Cromwell.

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