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Case Study Paul L Cejas School of Architecture Content Research, Renovation Solutions, Program Designer Alexandra

FINAL PROJECT. Case Study Paul L Cejas School of Architecture Content Research, Renovation Solutions, Program Designer Alexandra Fernandez.

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Case Study Paul L Cejas School of Architecture Content Research, Renovation Solutions, Program Designer Alexandra

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  1. FINAL PROJECT Case Study Paul L Cejas School of Architecture Content Research, Renovation Solutions, ProgramDesigner Alexandra Fernandez “This extraordinary building will be a landmark on our campus, it’s imaginative, it’s unique and will attract visitors to the university and Miami-Dade County”. -President Modesto Maidique

  2. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION1 COVER PAGE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 - RESEARCH 3 BUILDING IDENTIFICATION 5 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION 8 PROJECT DETAIL PART 2 – RENOVATION 10 ROOM SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS 15 RETROFIT FLOOR PLANS 18 RETROFIT RCPS 21 PROGRAM SHEETS/SPECIFICATIONS CITATIONS23 RESEARCH REFERENCES 24 FIGURE REFERENCES T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

  3. Building name Paul L. Cejas School of Architecture Building Designed by Bernard Tschumi Architects and BEA InternationalProject Architect Anne Save de Beaurecueil Design group Over 30 architects, 10 engineers, 1 landscape architect and a couple construction managers Location 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199 Year designed 2000  Year completed 2003 Size 102,000 square-ft Client FIU School of Architecture Total cost $16,000,000.00 Background Information Areas of study • Design was selected from a competition • Some of the participating designers are affiliated with or part of FIU faculty and staff. • The new building had to create an identity and act as a generator, activating spaces as well as defining them (Santana). • It is compromised of 5 individual buildings interconnected by walkways and bridges which displays the idea of flowing energy. • The complex has two linear pre-cast concrete wings, which are intended to evoke a feeling of sobriety. • They border an event-oriented courtyard that is activated by exuberantly colored polygonal generators. RESEARCH / BUILDING IDENTIFICATION

  4. Areas of Study The exuberant generator that encompasses the gallery, multi-purpose room and 2 critique rooms, is currently under study and being funded for renovation. It has three levels, and is clad in bright yellow and light orange tiles. The west façade of each room has a glass wall that extends from floor to ceiling. The west, north and south sides have irregular angles and rectangular glass windows. Background Information =YellowGenerator 1) GALLERY / Room 140 Large 2 story room Located on the first floor Displays student work produced throughout the school semesters Occasionally holds meetings and exhibitions Visitors, prospective students and guests of students take tours throughout space2) MULTI-PURPOSE ROOM / Room 341 Entrance is located on the second floor Interior space extends to the third level Complex space Serves multiple functions Holds meetings, exhibitions, project presentations and “pin-ups” Some classes are even held in this space due to size and lighting. Numerous types of occupants 3) CRITIQUE ROOMS / Room 240 & 340 “Pin-up rooms” Where students display their semester work per project Work is evaluated by their teachers or third-party panel Students conduct presentations and await criticism from the panel When pin-ups are not in progress, students use these rooms to do work Individuals use these rooms to minimize interruption Groups use them to work on group projects in isolation Areas of study RESEARCH / BUILDING IDENTIFICATION

  5. Gallery Statement of Problems & SuccessesThese three spaces that are considered for renovation pose a number of issues. As well as having issues, these spaces have successes or key building features that are conclusive to the architects design intent. These may be architectural features or positive use of natural elements. Gallery Multi-purpose Room Lighting Issues Track lighting is suspended very high from floor, not very efficient Daytime sunlight coming in through the east façade causes a glare Direct sunlight may effect integrity of the workAcoustics and HVAC Issues Noise reverberation due to the hard materialsOccupant Emotion and Disposition Issues Occupants feel the gallery is messy and incoherent Does not present gallery qualities Poor material choices contribute to occupant disposition View and Direction Issues Unorganized Difficulty walking through sometimesPin-up and Display Issues Not enough space for models, scattered throughout floor Pin-up “blocks” take up too much space, and are highly unappealing for a gallery Due to the entrance door size large scale models cannot be brought into the galleryFurniture Issues There is no furniture for occupants Lacking some sort of storage Crit Rooms RESEARCH / SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Successes Ample amount of space Decent size and amount of windows May allow a great flow of direction if added freestanding display walls Great amount of wall space that can be utilized

  6. Gallery Statement of Problems & SuccessesThese three spaces that are considered for renovation pose a number of issues. As well as having issues, these spaces have successes or key building features that are conclusive to the architects design intent. These may be architectural features or positive use of natural elements. Multi-purpose Room Lighting Issues Drop down fluorescent lighting is suspended very high from floor Morning sunlight from the east facade is very strong and causes a glare Daytime sunlight causes an accumulation of heat Acoustics and HVAC Issues HVAC system is very loud apparent echo problems AC vent is parallel to the 240 crit room which allows sound transmissionOccupant Emotion and Disposition Issues Occupants feel rooms are very stoic and cold Could be due to material and color choices, as well as furniture or form of room View and Direction Issues The focus of the room is said to be “lost” An order of presentations does not exist Furniture is usually scattered which contributes to a messy lookPin-up walls and Center Display Issues Center “block” for pinning-up is insufficient and bulky Rooms need spaces to display models besides the floor Angled wall does not help with audio-visual presentations displayFurniture Issues Furniture does not optimize the experience in this room No outdoor furniture for waiting No garbage or recycle bins for trash Multi-purpose Room Crit Rooms RESEARCH / SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Successes Ample amount of natural light Existing clerestory windows could be used, uncovered Large size and amount of windows Carpeting lessens acoustic problems, as well as the non-linear walls Very dynamic room, may allow a great flow of direction Great amount of wall space that can be utilized

  7. Gallery Statement of Problems & SuccessesThese three spaces that are considered for renovation pose a number of issues. As well as having issues, these spaces have successes or key building features that are conclusive to the architects design intent. These may be architectural features or positive use of natural elements. Crit Rooms Multi-purpose Room Lighting Issues Track lighting is typically pointing in all directions Daytime sunlight from west facades cause an accumulation of heat Acoustics and HVAC Issues Material of the walls are painted and are counter-productive to reducing sound Concrete floors exemplify the sound of footsteps and shuffling chairs HVAC system is also erratic; sometimes it may be excessively cold or hot AC vent of 240 is parallel to the multi-purpose room which allows sound transmissionOccupant Emotion and Disposition Issues Occupants feel rooms are very stoic and cold Excessive heat, cold and sound cause distractions Pin-up walls and Display Issues Wall boards are damaged and need to be replaced Wall boards are painted and make it harder to insert pins Rooms need spaces to display models besides the floorFurniture Issues Chairs are not sufficient during presentations, need to be turned according to specific wall that is in focus Crit Rooms RESEARCH / SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Successes Ample amount of natural light Track lighting is close to the perimeter pin-up walls Existing clerestory windows could be used, uncovered Large sized windows Wall material are a good size could even be larger May allows an absorption of sound

  8. Project Overview Overview “ Our job as designers will be to develop a sustainable and smart design that could be incorporated into these spaces, while maintaining the integrity of the initial building structure and design intent. ” FIU School of Architecture has been awarded a $26,500 grant to improve these specific interior spaces. As previously stated, these two exuberant “generators” possess a unique identity and role within the PCA complex. The grant should be enough to cover furnishings, finishes and architectural enhancements that will intensify the value of these spaces and attempt to solve certain inefficiencies. We should strive to maintain the original design and characteristics, while selecting products and materials that will provide efficiency and sustainability. Objective Methods RESEARCH / PROJECT DETAIL Needed Resources • Objectives and Methods1) Building issues are to be experienced firsthand2) Interviews will be conducted for all types of users3) Furniture should be researched, with sustainability in mind4) Construction drawings should be analyzed5) Building System components should be identified: (Bingelli) • Structural: floors, ceilings, walls, doors, windows, staircases, elevators • Thermal Comfort: HVAC, system components (vents, fans, ducts) heat transfer, temperature qualities/irregularities • Acoustics: materials, sound absorption, noise reduction, sound transmission, open plenum, white noise, AC buffering • Lighting: maximizing or minimizing, glare issues, windows, light fixtures, light placement Deliverables

  9. Deliverables Overview • PROJECT OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH (POWERPOINT) Discussing project guidelines as well as our design intent and ideas. Research should be conducted on all materials, furniture, costs and estimates. • PROGRAM (WORD DOCUMENT)Should have specific requirements included. • BUDGET ANALYSIS (WORD DOCUMENT) • Estimates per item, total amount needed and overall renovation. • ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS (CAD DRAWING) • Floor plans, RCPs and elevations showing renovations Objective Methods RESEARCH / PROJECT DETAIL Needed Resources • Available Resources • Rooms are public and open for viewing at any time • Student users of the building can be found at any time and questioned about personal experience and views • Administrative users can be questioned as well, can be found during the day in the offices • Photos can be taken of spaces for further study • Research of materials, products and furnishings is available • We have the list of companies that produced or shipped the existing architectural elements, can always call and question for further advice, product info and request • Companies are available daily for questioning about products and furnitureNeeded Resources • Architectural floor plans and sections should be acquired for study and possible changes • Contact with stakeholders will be necessary for design choices • Budget needs to be acquired after selection of products Deliverables

  10. Goals Multiple Rooms 140, 340, 241, 341 | Solutions Multi-purpose Room Solutions ISSUE SOLUTION BENEFITS PRODUCTS AND ENHANCEMENTS Large amount of sunlight and heat accumulation during the latter half of the day. Also contributes to glare issues. • Implement window coverings • Dual shades • Solar shades • Blinds • Maximum Transparency Shades • Fiberglass Shades • Exterior sun control • Opaque windows • Window films • Window shades • Solar screens • Solar Protection • Reduce UV rays • Eliminate Glare • Reduce Sun's Heat • Daytime Privacy • Clear Vision • Energy Savings • Lowers future costs • Directly affects AC production • Green Guard Certified • Raises a building’s LEED certification points • Acoustical comfort/sound absorption • Blocks outdoor noise • May be antistatic, antifungal and antibacterial (nearly eliminating the need for consistent cleaning) • ^ Solar Screens offer three times the heat blockage as other forms of window treatments • Work by reflecting, absorbing and dissipating up to 90% of the sun's heat • ^ Black-out Shades prevent light from penetrating through the material • Perfect for media rooms • ^ Solar Shades allow light filtration while maintaining a view • Manage solar heat gain, reduce cooling and heating loads • ^ Dual Shades combine Solar Screen sand Blackout Shades • Blackout Shades will provide room darkening, ideal for audo-visual • Solar Screens provides ambient light control Gallery Solutions RENOVATIONS / ROOM-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS • ^ Maximum Transparency Shades provide undistorted visibility and light reduction • Has woven yarns, a coating of fiberglass and basket weave • Light colors for heat rejection • Darker colors for sharper visibility and glare reduction • ^ Fiberglass Weave Shades are made of 48% fiberglass, 52% acrylic with anti static treatment • PVC Free • Light stopping fabric with an acrylic backing stops solar heat • They are durable, flame resistant • ^ Window Films cut on radiant heat passing through windows • Reduce UV radiation Crit rooms Solutions Artificial lighting is not fully optimized, energy efficient or highly productive.e.g: high suspended track lighting and drop-down lights,lights are on at late hours of the night • Cost-effective • More efficient • Energy savings • Reduces heat • Direct connection to AC and electric savings • LEED certified bulbs • Reduced air and water pollution • Update existing • New more efficient, low track lightingExisting lights • Can be loweredEnergy Efficiency • Energy efficient CFL’s or LED’s • Occupancy sensors • LED bulbs > • Last up to 10 times as long as CFL’s • Do not cause heat build-up • .Mercury-free  • LED light bulbs use only 2-10 watts of electricity • Low replacement costs • Electricity costs can be reduced by 80% or more • The cost is recouped over time and in battery savings • Diffused LED bulbs spread the light over a wide area • Diffused high power LED bulbs are equivalent to a 100-watt incandescent bulb • LEDs are ideal for Track lighting • LED is available for Recessed down-lighting • The spotlight LED lasts over 50,000 hours due to advanced thermal management design • Gives a spread-out dispersed light. 

  11. Goals Multiple Rooms 140, 340, 241, 341 | Solutions Multi-purpose Room Solutions ISSUE SOLUTION BENEFITS PRODUCTS AND ENHANCEMENTS • CFLs > • Four times more efficient than incandescents • Use 50 - 80% less energy than incandescents. • Use 1/3 the electricity and last up to 10 times as long as incandescents • Reduces Air and Water Pollution: Replacing a single incandescent bulb with a CFL will keep a half-ton of CO2 out of the atmosphere over the life of the bulb. • Newer CFLs give a warm, inviting light instead of the "cool white" light of older fluorescents • New electronically ballasted CFLs don't flicker or hum < Triple Tube Lamp CFLsgenerates even more light in a shorter bulb < CFL Flood lamps are designed to be ideal for recessed and track lighting ^ Standard CFLlamp similar to a traditional bulb ^ The CFL globe bulb reduces heat buildup • > Occupancy sensors use passive infrared and/or ultrasonic sensing technology to provide cost effective lighting control • Commercial grade • According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, energy savings from using such devices can range from 40% to 46% in classrooms, 22% to 65% in conference rooms, 30% to 80% • May provide security by indicating that an area is occupied • Minimizes light pollution at night Gallery Solutions ^ Ceiling mount occupancy sensors are low voltage occupancy detectors ^ Wall mount occupancy sensors are low voltage occupancy detectors  RENOVATIONS / ROOM-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS • Benefit • Will enhance presentations , lectures and classes • Add a projector • Add a projection screen or use wall Lacks any audio-visual media equipment < Energy-efficient projectors < Drop down projection screen < Mobile projection screens Crit rooms Solutions Display boards/Pin up walls are old and tattered. Also, since they are painted it causes an increase in acoustical problems. • Change existing • Self-healing materials • High-density cork board • Fabric boards • Magnetic boards • Benefits • Sound absorption • Reduces light reflectance • Low maintenance and repair • ^ Fabric-magnetic boards have a densely woven, self-healing fabric that eliminates pinholes • Fabric surface will not crumble or fade like traditional cork boards • Magnetic surface allows you to display items without using pushpins • ^ High-Density Cork Bulletin Boards have a durable, stain-resistant finish that will not peel or crack • Tacks insert easily, grip firmly, and do not leave marks when removed because natural cork is self-healing • Environmentally friendly, do not contain toxins and inhibit bacterial growth ^ Fabric covered display boards help maintain the cork board beneath it

  12. Goals Multiple Rooms 140, 340, 241, 341 | Solutions Multi-purpose Room Solutions ISSUE SOLUTION BENEFITS PRODUCTS AND ENHANCEMENTS Storage is very limited, there are unclaimed items left behind due to lack of storage. Has now become trash. • Add furniture that will solve the problem • Reduces amount of items that are left behind that become trash • Benefit • Models will have a place to rest/stay ^ Standard Shelving ^ Cantilevered Shelving ^ Storage Units Acoustical issues are present in all rooms; materiality of the floor, echo problems and HVAC creates loud noises. An adjacent AC vent also allows sound transmission • Add carpeting • Acoustical clouds • Sound baffles • Fabric walls (pin-up boards) • Relocate one of the vents • Swivel chairs will reduce scuffling • Reduces noise pollution • Benefits • Provides higher concentration • Less distraction Gallery Solutions ^ Sound baffles significantly reduce the level of airborne sounds by up to 15% ^ Acoustical cloud panels are a unique solution to reverberant noise problems ^ Carpet reduces sound by 20-40% RENOVATIONS / ROOM-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS > Acoustical Foam Tiles increase sound absorption • Add more efficient furniture • Modular furniture • Configurable furniture • Stackable furniture • Folding tables • Modular tables • Benefits • Contributes to occupant satisfaction • Furniture will provide function and purpose • Will appear more professional Furniture is not sufficient for the purpose and function of the rooms. Crit rooms Solutions ^ Folding Tables increase space and easy storage ^ Swivel chairs can provide 360 degree viewing without movingand scuffling of chairs ^ Reconfigurable furniture that can be used in multiple ways; into individual, social and hybrid spaces, different in size, being formal or informal ^ Modular tables help increase available space ^ Reconfigurable Tables allow variety

  13. Gallery Room 140 | Solutions Multi-purpose Room Solutions ISSUE SOLUTION BENEFITS PRODUCTS AND ENHANCEMENTS Large partitions or “blocks” are large, insufficient and unappealing for a gallery. • Freestanding partitions • Add Partition walls • Increases display and wall space • Decreases acoustical • problems • Enhances displays • Allows better viewing • Will solve messy look of gallery < Freestanding Partitions allow range of placement and angles. May create a structured direction of travel in a gallery. < Partition Walls will successfully increase wall/display space and create rooms or sections. Models are scattered through-out the floor. Students need places to display models other than the floor. • Display Stands, multiple tier display stands • Freestanding Pedestal Display blocks all heights • Cantilevered shelves • Increases display space, variety • Allow multiple models to be displayed for a single project • Provides safer solution for models, less risk of falling or being stepped on Gallery Solutions ^ Pedestal Displays exist but more is needed. Black could make the models pop out more. RENOVATIONS / ROOM-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS ^ Multiple Tiered Display Stands can allow show-casing of multiple models for single project ^ Glass Display Cases and Glass Display Cabinets will allow safety for models and additional storage < Cantilevered Single Shelves can allow models to be paired with drawings. Can be close to floor so it allows ample space for drawings above. Entrance Door is too narrow for large scale models. • Add Double Doors • Large models con-tribute to museum /gallery feel • Large models will • not have to be made in separate pieces. < Double Doors Crit rooms Solutions Noise reverberation due to the hard materials. • Installations can be hung (Other than previous stated acoustic solutions in “multiple rooms solutions page” • May provide some sound dispersion • Allows contributes to gallery look/feel < Installations from students in “Installations” classes can contribute or display work in gallery. It may slightly help diffuse sound waves. Also helps the lack of museum quality. There is no Indoor seating • Use back stairwell as a secondary entrance during presentations • Add seating • Contributes to overall occupant satisfaction < Indoor Benches will allow occupants to rest or wait.

  14. Goals Multi-purpose Room 340 | Solutions Multi-purpose Room Solutions ISSUE SOLUTION BENEFITS PRODUCTS AND ENHANCEMENTS Large partition that is used for pinning up is bulky and in-efficient.It takes up a large amount of space and is unattractive. • Movable partitions • Geometric modular partitions • Hanging partitions • Add Partition walls • Increases display and wall space • Allows multiple users and work to display simultaneously • Decreases acoustical • problems • Enhances displays • Allows better viewing ^ Modular Partitions provide flexibility and variety ^ Hanging Partitionsmay be allowed to swivel or rotate ^ Movable Partitions allow a range of placement Angled wall that is used for audio-visual projection is inefficient. • Add gypsum board to angled display wall, make it linear • Increases wall space • Creates a more cohesive room • Allows better displaying for projections during presentations Gallery Solutions RENOVATIONS / ROOM-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS ^ Angled wall can be made linear or covered with drop down projection screen . There is no outdoor seating provided . • Add durable and attractive outdoor seating • Weather-resistant • Rust-resistant • Allows patrons to sit before or after presentaions. • Seating for late or early arrivals • Decreases interruptions Crit rooms Solutions • ConcreteBenches • Recycled PlasticsBenches • Powder-CoatedBenches • Fiberglass • Benches • AluminumBenches There are inter-ruptions in the middle of lectures/ presentations; people enter in the middle of the room • Use back stairwell as a secondary entrance during presentations • Add seating • Decreases inter-ruptions significantly • Allows space for late arrivals • Eliminates standing • during presentations • Durable OutdoorSeating • Indoor Seating Trash accumulates under stairs • Add garbage and recycle bins either inside the room or outside • Eliminates trash build-up • Cleanliness • Recycled material bins are available • Recycled Plastics Bins • Modern Bins

  15. FLOORING WINDOWS/GLAZING 6 Gallery Room 140 | Floor Plan 1 Carpet Window Film 5 Dual Shades Gallery Room 140 1 WALLS FURNITURE/FURNISHINGS 8 Entrance Double Doors 2 7 Interior Benches 8 Modern Display Stand 2 7 4 Multi-purpose Room 340 3 4 3 Cantilevered Single Shelves 3 APPLIANCES PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS 9 10 Occupancy Sensors Projector and Drop-down Screen 9 5,6 Crit Rooms 241, 341 Freestanding Wall Partition 4 COLOR SCHEME Overall Color: White Accent Wall: Yellow Accents: Grey

  16. FLOORING WINDOWS/GLAZING Multi-purpose Room 340 | Floor Plan 1 Carpet 6 Dual Shades 7 Window Film Gallery Room 140 Rubber Cork Acoustic Underlay 2 . 13 FURNITURE/FURNISHINGS 1, 2 15 Stackable Chairs 9 Folding Tables 8 4 5 14 Multi-purpose Room 340 WALLS 3 Sound Absorbing Foam Wall 6, 7 12 10 Interior Benches 11 Exterior Benches 8 PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS 10 11 3 9 12 Pedestal Display 13 Storage Unit Modular Tackable Wall Partition 4 Crit Rooms 241, 341 11 14 Trash/Recycle Bins 5 Gypsum Board COLOR SCHEME APPLIANCES Occupancy Sensors Projector and Drop-down Screen 16 15 Overall Color: White Accent Wall: Yellow Accents: Grey AdditionalDetails: Blue

  17. FLOORING WINDOWS/GLAZING Crit Rooms 241, 341 | Floor Plan 3 Dual Shades 4 Window Film 1 Industrial Carpet Gallery Room 140 7 . 1 3,4 5 6 WALLS FURNITURE/FURNISHINGS Stackable Chairs 5 8 Sound Absorbing Foam Wall Panels 2 6 Folding Tables 2 Multi-purpose Room 340 7 Model Displays 8 Trash/Recycle Bins PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS 241 341 1 Crit Rooms 241, 341 8 3,4 6 5 7 2 COLOR SCHEME Overall Color: White Accents: Grey Light Grey Wall Paint Color

  18. LIGHTING Gallery Room 140 | RCP 1 Suspended LED Track Lights Diffused High Power LED Bulbs 2 Gallery Room 140 1 ACOUSTICS 3 2 3 Acoustical Baffles Multi-purpose Room 340 4 PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS AESTHETICS 4 Student-made Installations Crit Rooms 241, 341

  19. LIGHTING Multi-purpose Room 240 | RCP 1 Suspended LED Track Lights Diffused High Power LED Bulbs 2 Gallery Room 140 3 ACOUSTICS Multi-purpose Room 340 1 3 Acoustical Baffles PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS Crit Rooms 241, 341

  20. LIGHTING Crit Rooms 241, 341 | RCP 1 Suspended LED Track Lights Gallery Room 140 2 Multi-purpose Room 340 PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS 241 341 Crit Rooms 241, 341 2

  21. Gallery Room 140 | Program Gallery Room 140 Multi-purpose Room 340 PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS Crit Rooms 241, 341 Industrial Carpet Dual Shades Window Film Stackable Chairs Sound Absorbing Foam Wall Panels Folding Tables Model Displays Trash/Recycle Bins

  22. Gallery Room 140 | Program Gallery Room 140 Multi-purpose Room 340 PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS Crit Rooms 241, 341 Industrial Carpet Dual Shades Window Film Stackable Chairs Sound Absorbing Foam Wall Panels Folding Tables Model Displays Trash/Recycle Bins

  23. Gallery Room 140 | Program Gallery Room 140 Multi-purpose Room 340 PROGRAM / PROGRAM SHEETS Crit Rooms 241, 341 Overall Total | Program Industrial Carpet Dual Shades Window Film Stackable Chairs Sound Absorbing Foam Wall Panels Folding Tables Model Displays Trash/Recycle Bins

  24. REFERENCES Multi-purpose Room 340 | Solutions • Werne, J. (2004, March). Build it, and they will come!. Hispanic Magazine, 1-3. Retrieved from • http://www.hispaniconline.com/magazine/2004/march/Features/fiu.html. • Penton Inc. Florida International University, Paul L. Cejas School of Architecture and Building. American School & University Magazine, 1. Retrieved from http://schooldesigns.com/Project-Details.aspx?Project_ ID=1679. • McGraw-Hill Company. Paul L. Cejas School of Architecture Building. Architectural Record, 1. Retrieved • from http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/portfolio/archives/0310school.asp. • Santana-Bravo, M. FIU presents the Paul L. Cejas School of Architecture Building, 2-5. • Retrieved from http://www2.fiu.edu/~soa/cejas/architecture.html. • Binggeli, C. (2010). Building Systems for Interior Designers. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. REFERENCES AND FIGURES

  25. FIGURES • FIGURE 1 – • Werne, J. (2004, March). Build it, and they will come!. Hispanic Magazine, 1-3. Retrieved from • http://www.hispaniconline.com/magazine/2004/march/Features/fiu.html. • FIGURE 2- http://www.leviton.com/OA_HTML/ibeCCtpSctDspRte.jsp?section=17219&minisite=10022http://www.leviton.com/OA_ • HTML/ibeCCtpSctDspRte.jsp?section=17219&minisite=10022 • FIGURE 3- http://www.polarshade.com/photo_gal.html • FIGURE 4- http://www.acco.com/productdetail.aspx?s=0&pid=B443A# • FIGURE 5- http://www.ergoindemand.com/manual-pull-down-projection-screen-96-x-96-wall-or-ceiling-mounted.html • FIGURE 6-10 - http://www.modecodesign.com/search/modular+school+furniture+sophie+franc • FIGURE 11- http://www.furniturestoreblog.com/2009/01/11/the_industrial_styled_return_bench_from_gus_modern.htmlFIGURE-lightbulbseartheasy solutions for sustainable living. (2010). Retrieved from http://eartheasy.com/live_energyeff_lighting.htm REFERENCES AND FIGURES

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