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The Transient Sky

The Transient Sky. Eran Ofek CALTECH. Collaborators:. Shri Kulkarni Arne Rau Mansi Kasliwal Brian Cameron Avishay Gal-Yam Dale Frail. Talk Layout. Transients along the EM radiation. Motivation & the future. Ongoing searches. Individual transients. Kulkarni, Ofek et al. (2006)

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The Transient Sky

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  1. The Transient Sky Eran Ofek CALTECH Collaborators: Shri Kulkarni Arne Rau Mansi Kasliwal Brian Cameron Avishay Gal-Yam Dale Frail

  2. Talk Layout Transients along the EM radiation Motivation & the future Ongoing searches Individual transients Kulkarni, Ofek et al. (2006) Rau et al. (2006) Ofek et al. in prep M85 OT 2006-1 SDSS-SN15207 Kasliwal, Ofek et al. in prep. SN2006gy Ofek et al. (2006d)

  3. Transients along the EM (g-rays) Gamma rays Classical long-GRBs Massive stars Low-energy long-GRBs NS mergers? Short GRBs Neutron Stars (NS) Soft g-rays repeaters ?

  4. Transients along the EM (g-rays) Gamma rays Classical long-GRBs Massive stars Low-energy long-GRBs NS mergers? Short GRBs Neutron Stars (NS) Soft g-rays repeaters ?

  5. Transients along the EM (g-rays) Ofek et al. (2006c) Z=0.09 Progenitor age<10Myr

  6. Transients along the EM (g-rays) Gamma rays Classical long-GRBs Massive stars Low-energy long-GRBs NS mergers? Short GRBs Soft g-rays repeaters Neutron Stars (NS) ?

  7. Transients along the EM (l~cm) Radio Searching for radio transients Levinson, Ofek et al. (2002) Gal-Yam, Ofek et al. (2006) Future: ATA SKA

  8. Transients along the EM (l~cm) VLA J172059+38

  9. VLA J121550+13 in NGC 4216

  10. Transients along the EM X-rays XMM (Esquej et al. 2006) Ultra Violet GALEX (Welsh et al. 2005) AKARI – ASTRO-F Infra-red Visible … However, usually focused on specific classes…

  11. Motivation Pecuiler members of known families Test models Standard candles systematic New rare kind of transients

  12. Summary of physical motivation

  13. (Technological) Motivation - LSST

  14. About LSST 8.4m mirror 6.5m effective diameter

  15. About LSST

  16. LSST details 3 Gpixel camera Field of view = 9.65 sq. deg 6 filters: ugrizY 15s exposures, 2s readout, 5sec slow ~5000 sq. deg. per night First light: 2013, Cerro Pachon

  17. LSST products 15 TB nightly 7 PB yearly Computing power is not available today…

  18. LSST science products u 24.3 g 26.5 r 27.8 i 26.6 z 25.5 Y 24.7 Single image: ~24 mag Static sky Absolute: 50 mas Astrometry Relative: 10 mas ~1min transients alert Sky for everyone - No proprietary period!

  19. Back to the present (Our) ongoing searches Palomar 5m MPG 2.2m LCO 2.5m Nearby clusters Fornax, Perseus SDSS-II Palomar robotic 60” Follow up cadence improving Palomar 48” (10 sq. deg) Nearby galaxies survey Palomar robotic 60”

  20. Another strategy…

  21. Individual transients In the past year: Follow-up of 6 “weird” transients Examples: Kulkarni, Ofek et al. (2006) Rau et al. (2006) Ofek et al. in prep M85 OT 2006-1 SDSS-SN15207 Kasliwal, Ofek et al. in prep. SN2006gy Ofek et al. (2006d)

  22. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Kulkarni, Ofek et al. (2006), Rau et al. (2006), Ofek et al. in prep

  23. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1

  24. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1

  25. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1

  26. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Late time Spitzer observation

  27. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Late time Spitzer observation

  28. …like: M31-RV & V838 Mon M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Green to red color evolution 60 day platue Peak abs. mag R~-13 E~1047 erg (in 3 months) Expansion velocity ~300 km/s Cool black-body at late time

  29. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Comparison with other types of transients

  30. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Searching for his brothers

  31. M85 Optical Transient 2006-1 Searching for his brothers in nearby galaxies…

  32. SDSS-15207

  33. SDSS-15207

  34. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006)

  35. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006) ~50 days rise time ~2 mag extinction Ha line Type-IIn supernova (SN) Abs mag @ peak ~-22 AGN - Prieto et al. (2006)

  36. Ofek et al. (2006) SN 2006gy FWHM ~0.”1 Nucleus SN Dust lane

  37. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006)

  38. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006)

  39. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006) Chandra (PI: Pooley) XRT – no detection VLA – no detection

  40. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006) Hybrid IIn/Ia SN (Type-IIa) Abs V-mag Rise time [d] Environment Name SN 2002ic -20.1 ~20 late type galaxy SN 2005gj -20.4 ~55 blue Irr. MB~-17 SN 1997cy -20.1 <30 blue LSB MB~-17.7 SN 1999E <-19.5 <140 MB~-15 spiral SN 2006gy -22.2 ~50 S0 galaxy

  41. energy Total radiated energy ~1.2x1051 erg during 2 months Type-Ia SN features in spectra Assuming SN2006gy is a type-Ia SN kinetic energy of a Ia SN (~1-2x1051 erg) radiation SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006)

  42. Mass-loss rate ~10-2 M /yr SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006) Assuming SN2006gy is a type-Ia SN kinetic energy of a Ia SN (~1-2x1051 erg) radiation Requires: Over ~100yr Common envelope? (Livio & Riess 2003)

  43. Summary LSST era is almost here ~2012 First year – listening mode: Out of 6 targets: The “known”: 1 LBV(?), 2+1(?) dwarf novae M85 OT 2006-1 The “known unknown”: SN 2006gy The “unknown unknown” Still waiting…

  44. End

  45. Transients along the EM (g-rays) Ofek (2006b); Ofek et al. (2006a) Extragalactic SGRs

  46. SN 2006gy Ofek et al. (2006) Summary Peak absolute V-band magnitude ~-22.2 Total radiated energy ~1.2x1051 erg during 2 months Type-Ia SN features in spectra

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