Boundless Teaching Platform for Engaging Students with Customizable Textbooks and Intuitive Tools

1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. Overview of the Endocrine System Endocrine System Hormones Mechanisms of Hormone Action Hormone Interactions ] Hormone Secretion Control Endocrine System Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Endocrine Glands Endocrine System(continued) The Pituitary Gland The Thyroid Gland The Parathyroid Glands ] The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands Endocrine System Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. The Pancreas Endocrine System(continued) Other Endocrine Tissues and Organs Stress ] Endocrine System Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

7. Endocrine System > Overview of the Endocrine System Overview of the Endocrine System • Overview of the Endocrine System • Comparing the Nervous and Endocrine Systems Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/overview-of-the-endocrine-system-149/

8. Endocrine System > Hormones Hormones • Mechanisms of Hormone Action • Hormone Receptors • Chemistry of Hormones • Transport of Hormones Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/hormones-150/

9. Endocrine System > Mechanisms of Hormone Action Mechanisms of Hormone Action • Direct Gene Activation and the Second-Messenger System • Target Cell Specificity • Onset, Duration, and Half-Life of Hormone Activity Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/mechanisms-of-hormone-action-151/

10. Endocrine System > Hormone Interactions Hormone Interactions • Interactions of Hormones at Target Cells Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/hormone-interactions-152/

11. Endocrine System > Hormone Secretion Control Hormone Secretion Control • Control of Hormone Secretion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/hormone-secretion-control-153/

12. Endocrine System > Endocrine Glands Endocrine Glands • Overview of Endocrine Glands Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/endocrine-glands-154/

13. Endocrine System > The Pituitary Gland The Pituitary Gland • Overview of the Pituitary Gland • Control of the Pituitary Gland by the Hypothalamus • The Anterior Pituitary • The Posterior Pituitary Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/the-pituitary-gland-155/

14. Endocrine System > The Thyroid Gland The Thyroid Gland • Overview of the Thyroid Gland • Formation, Storage, and Release of Thyroid Hormones • Action of Thyroid Hormones • Control of Thyroid Hormone Release Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/the-thyroid-gland-156/

15. Endocrine System > The Parathyroid Glands The Parathyroid Glands • Overview of the Parathyroid Glands • Parathyroid Hormone Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/the-parathyroid-glands-157/

16. Endocrine System > The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands • Overview of the Adrenal Glands • Adrenal Cortex • Adrenal Medulla Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/the-adrenal-suprarenal-glands-158/

17. Endocrine System > The Pancreas The Pancreas • Overview of Pancreatic Islets • Types of Cells in the Pancreas • Insulin Secretion and Regulation of Glucagon Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/the-pancreas-159/

18. Endocrine System > Other Endocrine Tissues and Organs Other Endocrine Tissues and Organs • Eicosanoids • Growth Factors • Other Hormone-Producing Structures • Male and Female Gonads • Placenta Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/other-endocrine-tissues-and-organs-160/

19. Endocrine System > Stress Stress • The Stress Response • The Fight-or-Flight Response • The Resistance Reaction • Exhaustion • Stress and Disease Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/endocrine-system-16/stress-161/

20. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

21. Endocrine System Key terms • adrenal cortexThe outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces hormones essential to homeostasis. • adrenal cortexThe outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces hormones essential to homeostasis. • adrenal cortexThe outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. • adrenal glandThis gland is responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids, such as cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine), as well as the production of androgens. • Adrenal medullaThe innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline. • adrenalineAlso known as epinephrine it is a key hormone in the fight-or-flight response. • antagonismWhen a substance binds to the same site an agonist would bind to without causing activation of the receptor. • anterior pituitary glandA major organ of the endocrine system that regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation. • Antidiuretic hormoneA hormone that stimulates water re-absorption in the kidneys. • bone remodelingThe resorption by osteoclasts and replacement by osteoblasts in bones. • calcitoninA hormone that is produced primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone. • catecholamineAny of a class of hormones produced by the adrenal gland. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

22. Endocrine System • chromaffinThe cells of the adrenal medulla that secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to nervous stimulation. • decompensationThe inability of a diseased or weakened organic system or organ to compensate for its deficiency, which then results in functional deterioration. • endocrineProduces internal secretions that are transported around the body by the bloodstream. • endocrine systemThe system of ductless glands that secretes hormones directly into the circulatory system. • essential fatty acidAny fatty acid required for the human metabolism that cannot be synthesized by the body and that must be present in the diet; it was originally designated as vitamin F. • exocrineProduces external secretions that are released through a duct. • general adaptation syndromeThis describes how a body reacts to a stressor, real or imagined, in the short term and long term. • glucagonA hormone, produced by the pancreas, that opposes the action of insulin by stimulating the production of sugar. • glucagonA hormone, produced by the pancreas, that opposes the action of insulin by stimulating the production of sugar. • glycogenA polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals and also converts to glucose as needed. • gonadA sex organ that produces gametes; specifically, the testes or ovaries. • half-lifeThe time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacological, physiological, or radiological activity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

23. Endocrine System • hormoneA molecule released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages affecting cells in other parts of the organism. • hormoneA molecule released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages affecting cells in other parts of the organism. • hormoneA molecule released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages affecting cells in other parts of the organism. • hormone receptorA molecule that binds to a specific hormone that triggers alterations in cell activity. • hormone response elementA short sequence of DNA within the promoter of a gene that is able to bind a specific hormone receptor complex and therefore regulate gene expression. • human chorionic gonadotropinA hormone produced during pregnancy that is made by the developing placenta after conception, and later by the placental component. • hypophyseal portal systemThe system of blood vessels that link the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary in the brain. • hypothalamusA region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, that regulates body temperature, some metabolic processes, and governs the autonomic nervous system. • hypothalamusA region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes, and governing the autonomic nervous system. • insulinA polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. • insulinA polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. • Lipid-soluble hormoneA lipophilic hormone that passes through the plasma membrane of a cell, binds to an intracellular receptor, and changes gene expression. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

24. Endocrine System • negative feedbackA system that prevents deviation from a mean value. • neurotransmittersEndogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. • noradrenalineAlso known as norepinephrine, it is a key hormone in the fight-or-flight response. • nuclear receptorA class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules, as well as to influence gene expression upon activation. • omega-3Fatty acids (also called ω3 fatty acids or n−3 fatty acids) that are commonly found in marine and plant oils. • omega-6Fatty acids (also called ω6 fatty acids or n−6 fatty acids) that are commonly found in poultry and plant oils. • osteoclastA large multinuclear cell associated with the break down and resorption of bone. • ovariesThe female gonads responsible for the production of ova and the secretion of the key hormones estrogen and progesterone. • oxytocinA hormone that stimulates contractions during labor. • paracrineDescribes a hormone or other secretion released from endocrine cells into the surrounding tissue rather than into the bloodstream. • parathyroid glandOne of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, that produce parathyroid hormone. • parathyroid hormoneA hormone produced by the parathyroid gland that acts to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to release calcium from the bone. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

25. Endocrine System • permissivenessA certain relationship between hormones and the target cell when the presence of one hormone, at a certain concentration, is required in order to allow a second hormone to fully affect the target cell. • pituitary glandAn endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation. • pituitary glandAn endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation. • placentaA vascular organ present only in the female during gestation. It supplies food and oxygen from the mother to the fetus, and passes back waste. It is implanted in the wall of the uterus and links to the fetus through the umbilical cord. It is expelled after birth. • positive feedbackA system that promotes deviation from a mean value. • post-traumatic stress disorderA serious condition that develops following an intensely stressful situation or event. • posterior pituitaryThe posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Despite its name, the posterior pituitary gland is not a true gland; rather, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary gland. • secondary messengerMolecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, in the cytoplasm or nucleus. • secondary messengerThese are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, in the cytoplasm, or the nucleus. • somatostatinA polypeptide hormone, secreted by the pancreas, that inhibits the production of certain other hormones. • synergismTwo or more things functioning together to produce a result not independently obtainable. • target cellA cell that is receptive to a secreted hormone. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

26. Endocrine System • testesThe male gonads responsible for the production of sperm and the secretion of testosterone. • thyroidOne of the largest endocrine glands, it is responsible for the secretion of thyroxine which controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and is sensitive to other hormones. • thyroid-stimulating hormoneA hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3), which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. • thyroid-stimulating hormoneAlso known as TSH or thyrotropin, this is a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3), which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. It is a glycoprotein hormone, synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, that regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. • thyroid-stimulating hormoneA hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the release of thyorid hormones. • thyrotropin-releasing hormoneA hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates thyroid-stimulating hormone production from the anterior pituitary gland. • thyroxineA hormone (an iodine derivative of tyrosine), produced by the thyroid gland, that regulates cell metabolism and growth. • thyroxineA thyroid hormone also known as T4, thought to be a pro-hormone and a reservoir for T3. • thyroxineA hormone (an iodine derivative of tyrosine) produced by the thyroid gland that regulates cell metabolism and growth. • transport proteinA protein that binds with a hormone in systemic circulation that facilitates its efficient transport. • triiodothyronineA thyroid hormone also known as T3 that plays a key role in many physiological processes and is the much more active than T4. • umbilical cordThe flexible structure connecting a fetus with the placenta that transports nourishment to the fetus and removes waste. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

27. Endocrine System • vitamin DA fat-soluble vitamin required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; it can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight. • Water-soluble hormoneA lipophobic hormone that binds to a receptor on, or within, the plasma membrane, to initiate an intracellular signaling cascade. • zona fasciculataThe middle layer of the adrenal cortex, responsible for producing glucocorticoids such as cortisol. • zona glomerulosaThe outermost layer of the adrenal cortex, responsible for producing mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. • zona reticularisThe inner most layer of the adrenal cortex, responsible for producing androgens such as DHEA. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

28. Endocrine System Testicles Diagram of male (human) testicles. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Testicle."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TesticleView on Boundless.com

29. Endocrine System Pituitary Pituitary gland representation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Pituitary gland representation."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pituitary_gland_representation.PNGView on Boundless.com

30. Endocrine System Glucagon staining This is an image from a microscope stained for glucagon. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Glucagon."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlucagonView on Boundless.com

31. Endocrine System Peptide hormone Representation of the molecular structure of a peptide hormone. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."PDB 2dez EBI."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PDB_2dez_EBI.jpgView on Boundless.com

32. Endocrine System Adrenal Cortex The three layers of the adrenal cortex are shown, the outermost zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and the innermost zona reticularis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Adrenal cortex."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortexView on Boundless.com

33. Endocrine System GAS A diagram of the general adaptation syndrome model, Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Stress (biology)."CC BY 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology)%23General_adaptive_syndromeView on Boundless.com

34. Endocrine System Ovary Blood supply of the human female reproductive organs. The left ovary is visible above the label ovarian arteries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ovary."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OvaryView on Boundless.com

35. Endocrine System The endocrine system The major endocrine glands for men and women (male left, female on the right): 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Illu endocrine system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Illu_endocrine_system.pngView on Boundless.com

36. Endocrine System Biosynthesis of eicosanoids Pathways in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Eicosanoid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EicosanoidView on Boundless.com

37. Endocrine System Example hormone receptor The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) heterodimerized to the RXR. In the absence of a ligand, the TR is bound to a corepressor protein. Ligand binding to the TR causes a dissociation of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins, which in turn recruit additional proteins (such as RNA polymerase) that are responsible for the transcription of downstream DNA into RNA, and eventually into protein that results in a change in cell function. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Type ii nuclear receptor action."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Type_ii_nuclear_receptor_action.pngView on Boundless.com

38. Endocrine System The glucagon receptor structure Glucagon is a pancreatic peptide hormone that, as a counter-regulatory hormone for insulin, stimulates glucose release by the liver and maintains glucose homeostasis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."MMDB ID 62600 PDB ID 3C59 Crystal Structure Of The Ligand-Bound Glucagon-Like Peptide- 1 Receptor Extracellular Domain."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MMDB_ID_62600_PDB_ID_3C59_Crystal_Structure_Of_The_Ligand-Bound_Glucagon-Like_Peptide-_1_Receptor_Extracellular_Domain.pngView on Boundless.com

39. Endocrine System The pituitary gland In this image, the pituitary gland is referred to by its other name, the hypophysis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Pituitary gland."License: Otherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_glandView on Boundless.com

40. Endocrine System Endocrine glands of the head and neck The endocrine systems found in the head and neck include the hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary and thyroid glands. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Endocrine Glands in the Head."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svgView on Boundless.com

41. Endocrine System Thyroid hormone Diagrammatic representation of thyroid hormone synthesis in a thyroid follicle. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Thyroid hormone synthesis."CC0 1.0 Universalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thyroid_hormone_synthesis.pngView on Boundless.com

42. Endocrine System Second messenger mechanisms General schematic of second messenger generation following activation of membrane bound receptors. 1. The agonist activates the membrane-bound receptor. 2. G-protein is activated and produces an effector. 3. The effector stimulates a second messenger synthesis. 4. The second messenger activates an intercellular process. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Second Messenger Mechanism."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Second_Messenger_Mechanism.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. Endocrine System Lipid-soluble hormone receptor activation Nuclear hormone receptors are activated by a lipid-soluble hormone such as estrogen, binding to them inside the cell. Lipid-soluble hormones can cross the plasma membrane. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com CK-12."CK-12 Foundation |."CC BY-SAhttp://www.ck12.org/concept/Hormones/?ref=/concept/Hormones/View on Boundless.com

44. Endocrine System Lipid soluble hormones directly regulate gene expression This figure depicts the mechanism of a class I nuclear receptor (NR) that, in the absence of ligand, is located in the cytosol. Hormone binding to the NR triggers translocation to the nucleus, where the NR binds to a specific sequence of DNA known as a hormone response element (HRE). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Nuclear receptor action."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nuclear_receptor_action.pngView on Boundless.com

45. Endocrine System Hormone levels during menstrual cycle This image depicts the levels of certain hormones during the menstrual cycle (B), as they correspond to follicular growth and ovulation (A). 1. Follicle-stimulating hormone 2. Estrogen 3. Luteinizing hormone 4. Progesterone. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Hormons level - follicle & corpus luteum."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hormons_level_-_follicle_&_corpus_luteum.svgView on Boundless.com

46. Endocrine System Adrenal glands The adrenal glands are triangular-shaped organs on top of the kidneys. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Adrenal gland."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandView on Boundless.com

47. Endocrine System Calcium regulation Parathyroid hormone regulates the levels of calcium in the blood. to the parathyroid glands. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Calcium regulation."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium_regulation.pngView on Boundless.com

48. Endocrine System Endocrine glands in the human head and neck The endocrine system is the system of glands, each of which secretes different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream (some of which are transported along nerve tracts) to regulate the body. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Endocrine central nervous en."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svgView on Boundless.com

49. Endocrine System Adrenal glands These are responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids such as cortisol, and catecholamines such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Adrenal gland."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandView on Boundless.com

50. Endocrine System Placenta The placenta is an organ connecting the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Placenta."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlacentaView on Boundless.com