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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Early European Colonies. GLO- What are the social and economic factors affecting European Imperialism?. Imperialism. A policy of on the part of a ruler or government of one territory to dominate other territories

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Early European Colonies

  2. GLO- What are the social and economic factors affecting European Imperialism?

  3. Imperialism • A policy of on the part of a ruler or government of one territory to dominate other territories • The British and French Governments had a policy to colonize North America, claim it’s land and resources and use it to further their sphere of influence in Europe

  4. Colonies • colony – a region claimed and governed by a country from another part of the world • imperialism is the policy and colony is the result • They where the site of power by which European countries could control their newly claimed land

  5. Economic model for colonies • European governments created a economic model for colonies to work off called MERCANTILISM • Natural resources are cheap (furs) • manufactured goods are expensive (hats) • This made European countries profitable

  6. Monopolies • The complete control of a resource by one company • Charter = a set of rules and privileges granted to a company by a King or Government • European governments would give monopolies on certain lands to a company in exchange the merchant created and ran a permanent settlement • The companies make money, they get taxed and the government get’s their interests in the New World Expanded

  7. GLO – How was Imperialism responsible for the development of Acadia, New France and British Settlements

  8. Question and Answer Challenge • You will be assigned to develop questions for either New France, 13 Colonies, or Rupert’s land • Generate one good question for each of the following concepts • Cause and effect • Geographical challenges, or issues • Challenges of coexistence • demographics • Imperialism • Economic structure • Social structure • After you are done creating a question, you will exchange it with 2 partners who worked on a different topic

  9. Good and bad Questions • Good questions require thought and decision making • bad questions require simple one word answers • ex. What caused France to lose control of Acadia? • ex. When did France lose control of Acadia? • You can use the map and timeline to generate your questions • Better questions use words like: • compare, contrast, outline, create, design, revise, judge, decide, choose, value • Also look at page 75 for ideas

  10. Scoring Criteria • You will not be marked on your answers to your questions • You will mark each other on how good the question was • So when this is completed I will collect from each group a score for each others questions • Scoring Criteria • 1 – questions are simple and requires one word answers • 2 – questions are simple but require point form answers • 3 – questions are good (use key words) and require point form answers • 4 – questions are good (use key words) and require multiple sentence answers

  11. In what ways did European Colonialism affect the social and economic structures of Aboriginal Societies?

  12. The Beautiful Trail • pressure to change • Religious pressure placed on First Nations to change their religion in order to create a greater tie to Europe • First Nations believed this would create more equality between them and Europeans, improve relations • Possible effects • better ties with European nations • thought of as a civilized nation, they would not be invaded • loss of their own spiritual identity

  13. Beaver Wars • Pressure to Change • War with Haudenosaunee has devistated the Kichesiprini peoples with war over trade aggreements • the Haudenosaunee can not trade for manufactured goods because they have no aggreement • War and disease has devistated the Kichesiprini • They look for safety from the French, but must become Catholic to get it • Possible Effects • convert and gain safety, but lose spiritual and personal rights • do not convert and many will die, but remain free

  14. Affect of Disease • First Nations had no immunity to European diseases • the first nations faced epidemics of small pox, measles and tuberculosis • I have heard estimates from historians that 90% of the First Nations population died due to European diseases • Reason, when they got sick, no one to take care of them • Old likely to get sick first and children • Old people where their leaders, and contained all their cultural knowledge

  15. Brothers and Enemies • Pressure to change • The French are at war with the Haudenosaunee because the French are in their territory and would not trade with them • The Haudensosaunee have to adopt other peoples into their tribe because they have lost so many to disease and war fare • They must ally with the Europeans in order to survive, because they need the guns • Possible Effects • They adopt so many differing nationalities they lose their own • They continue war fare could lead to their deaths

  16. GLO – How does imperialism affect the people living in colonies. We are going to explore the colonists of New France

  17. Social Structure of New France • Most important people were born into the Aristocracy • Aristocracy = wealthy ruling class (land owners) • Merchants were often wealthy but did not own land • Church was important as well • influence on the King • moral direction of people(some of the time) • took care of the people (education, hospitals)

  18. Sovereign Council • Rulers of New France • Included: • Governer – represented the King • controlled the military • diplomat to the First Nations • Intendant – chief adminstrator • ran the day to day tasks • responsible for colonies basic needs and making it less dependent on France • looked for ways to exploit the colony for France benefit • Bishop of Quebec – representation of the Catholic Church • responsible for moral guidence

  19. Frontenac • 1672 was appointed governer of New France • was posted this because he was in the Aristocracy, but was in debt, to keep his land he had to accept this appointment • this was not a good appointment • how can you tell that from the story at the top of page 89?

  20. Habitants • Farmers who lived on seigneuries • Seigneurs were people given large plots of land by the King in New France • Land lords – often part of the nobility, could be commoners, many were soldiers • To keep the land, they had to recruit settlers to farm the land, inhabitants or “Habitants” • In exchange for the rights to farm habitants had to : • clear the land, plant crops, build a house and pay the seigneur’s to grind their grain into flour ontop of farming the seigneurs land as well • some gave up and became fur traders

  21. Signueries

  22. Marie Claude Chamois • Read pages 92-93 • Came to France as a “daughter of the King” • orphan, found shelter in a religious order or government institution for the needy • daughters of the King where provided with a dowry which paid for the girls to get across the Atlantic so they could marry Soldiers and Habitants of New France • what was her life like in New France? • was this an improvement?

  23. Merchants • Shop owners in New France • shops: • blacksmith • shoemaker • mason • baker • butcher • Many where traders in the fur industry • shipped goods between France and New France • bought the furs from the trappers and shipped them to France

  24. Jean- Alexis Lemoine • Read pages 99-100 • What type of business did he own? • How was he able to set it up?

  25. Coureur de Bois • Means runner in the woods • someone who worked in the Fur Trade • ran in the forest to trade with the First Nations • Worked independently at first • Eventually the French Government made this illegal (they where not making profits off of these guys) • they continued any way, even sold to the British • weren't the British and French at war with one another?

  26. Voyageur • Means traveler • Men who travelled from New France to the trading posts and brought goods to the posts and furs back to New France

  27. Pierre –Esprit Radisson • Read page 96-97 • Was a Courer de bois • Worked for both the British and the French, however he was French • Early on to his life in New France he was captured by First Nations tribe and adopted by one of their families • why? • First European to explore and trade furs west of Lake Superior • French arrested him, why? • British used his information to form the Hudson Bay Company

  28. Catholic Church • Europe was embroiled in the division between Protestants and Catholics • Jesuits (Catholic Missionary Order) came to New France in the early 1600’s to convert First Nations • They are the major source of information about First Nations before European conquest • Church was also responsible for: • running schools • hospitals • orphanages • They also where part of the ruling class

  29. Marguerite d’Youville • Read page 103 • How did her work start the Grey Nuns?

  30. Chapter 3 Review • Do the review questions on page 104

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