Integrating the Good Lives Model into Sexual Offender Treatment and Practice

1. Integrating the Good Lives Model into Sexual Offender Treatment and Practice Pamela M. Yates, Ph.D. Michigan Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers Workshop September 24, 2015

2. Agenda & Objectives • Treatment of sexual offenders • Basics and application of Good Lives Model (GLM) • Use of GLM to enhance client motivation, address denial

3. Key Publications

4. Risk/Need/Responsivity Model

5. Risk/Need/Responsivity Model (RNR)

6. RNR Approach

7. RNR Approach

8. RNR Approach

9. RNR Approach

10. Research • Many studies demonstrate that adherence to RNR model leads to improved treatment effectiveness: • Adults • Youth • Men, women • Violent, general offenders • Sex offenders

11. Research Schmucker & Losel (2008)

12. Research Hanson et al., 2009

13. Adherence to Risk/Need/Responsivity Hanson et al., 2009

14. Cost-Effectiveness of Risk/Need/Responsivity *Appropriate service only Romani et al., 2011

15. Criminogenic and Non-Criminogenic Needs

16. Criminogenic Needs • Antisocial Personality • Impulsive, adventurous pleasure seeking, restlessly aggressive, callous disregard for others • Grievance/hostility • Antisocial associates • Antisocial cognitions • Low attachment to family/lovers • Low engagement in school/work • Aimless use of leisure time • Substance abuse

17. Criminogenic Needs for Sexual Offenders • Deviant sexual interests • Children; Paraphilias • Sexual preoccupations • Antisocial orientation • Lifestyle instability, rule violation, APD • Attitudes tolerant of sexual assault • Intimacy deficits • Emotional identification with children • Lack of stable love relationships

18. Dynamic Risk Factors(STABLE – 2007) Impulsive Poor problem solving skills Negative emotionality Sex drive/preoccupation Sex as coping Deviant sexual preference Co-operation with supervision • Significant social influences • Capacity for relationship stability • Emotional ID with children • Hostility toward women • General social rejection • Lack of concern for others

19. Non-criminogenicneeds • Personal distress • Major mental disorder • Low self-esteem • Low physical activity • Poor physical living conditions • Low conventional ambition • Insufficient fear of official punishment

20. Factors Unrelated to Sexual Recidivism • Psychological adjustment/personal distress (e.g., self-esteem, anxiety, depression) • Clinical presentation (victim empathy, denial, motivation for treatment) • Lack of empathy/remorse • Denial/minimisation of sexual offence • Lack of motivation for treatment • Sexual abuse as a child • Seriousness of index offence • Insufficient fear of official punishment • Major mental disorder Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005; Yates, 2009

21. Treatment of Sexual Offenders

22. Essential Construct: Goals Offence-Related Goals: Avoidant Approach Common Life Goals (GLM) Goals may be: Sexually deviant Non-deviant Non-sexual Appropriate Offending serves a purpose/function for the individual.

23. Essential Construct: Goals

24. Treatment of Sexual Offenders: Context Cognitive-behavioral treatment has greatest effect in reducing recidivism (Hanson et al., 2002; Lösel & Schmucker, 2005) Programs adhering to risk/need/responsivity principles are most effective (e.g., Andrews & Bonta, 2010; Hanson et al., 2009) Programs attending to therapeutic process issues are most effective (Hanson, 2006; Marshall et al., 2002) Structured programs have highest program integrity and are most effective (general criminal behavior; Gendreau & Goggin, 1996)

25. Treatment of Sexual Offenders: Context Treatment addresses raising awareness and building skills/strategies re: dynamic risk factors Deviant sexual interest/preference Antisocial orientation Significant social influences Intimacy deficits Sexual self-regulation Offence-supportive attitudes Cooperation with supervision General self-regulation

26. Treatment of Sexual Offenders: Context Motivational enhancement approach/techniques Skills-oriented (cognitive, behavioral, emotional) Alter problematic patterns of affect, cognition, behaviour Development of pro-social/non-offending attitudes and beliefs Structured but individualized Within GLM/SRM-R framework = good lives, self-regulation, and risk management

27. Treatment of Sexual Offenders: Context GLM developed in response to limitations of RNR model as applied to treatment GLM/SRM-R integrated model: To address both goal promotion (a “good/better life”) and risk management To ensure treatment is focused on goals in addition to risk To ensure goals are included understanding sexual offending To ensure assessment, treatment, and supervision address integrated good life/self-regulation plan

28. Principles of Good Lives Model

29. Good Lives Model Strengths-based, positive approach Collaborative, motivational approach Focuses on: Attaining a fulfilling life, psychological well-being Managing risk Focuses on how treatment will benefit client/what client will gain from treatment

30. Good Lives Model Good life attained by understanding what is important to client and helping client to obtain these goals Risk managed by changing and monitoring known risk factors Risk management assisted by helping client to attain what is important in his life Both attained by overcoming obstacles and developing capacity

31. Good Lives Model Aims of Treatment and Supervision: Develop a plan for life (a good life plan) that is meaningful to individual and includes risk management plan Establish positive goals and work toward building capacity and opportunities to attain these Monitor successful implementation of good life plan in community

32. Good Lives Model Offending = pursuit of legitimate goals via inappropriate means Common life goals = circumstances, states of being, etc. that all humans seek for their own sake Secondary goods/goals = instrumental means to attain common life goals

33. Common Life Goals* GLM proposes 10 common life goals – things individuals seek to obtain for their own sake Value or importance placed on various goals determines good life plan Good life plan = individual roadmap to fulfilling, well-balanced life *Originally termed primary human goods (Ward & Stewart, 2003)

34. Common Life Goals Goals may be important to an individual to have in his life Goals may be related to sexual offending by their presence or their absence Offending, not implementing GLP related to specific flaws attaining goals (4)

35. Common Life Goals Please go to Handout 2

36. Life: Living and Surviving

37. Knowledge: Learning & Knowing

38. Being Good at Work and Play

39. Personal Choice and Independence

40. Peace of Mind

41. Relationships and Friendships

42. Community: Being Part of a Group

43. Spirituality: Having Meaning in Life

44. Happiness

45. Creativity

46. Flaws in Good Life Plan: When Things Don’t Go As Planned

47. Harmful/Problematic Means

48. Narrow Scope: Putting all your eggs in one basket

49. Conflict: Pursuit of one goal interferes with pursuit of another goal

50. Lack of Capacity External Internal