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The Policemen of the World

The Policemen of the World. American Expansionism at the Turn of the 20 th Century. From the end of the Civil War to the 1880s, the U.S. was an isolationist country During the 1890s, the U.S. became an imperialist country. Why? Destiny Defense Dollars Democracy

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The Policemen of the World

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  1. The Policemen of the World American Expansionism at the Turn of the 20th Century

  2. From the end of the Civil War to the 1880s, the U.S. was an isolationist country • During the 1890s, the U.S. became an imperialist country. Why? • Destiny • Defense • Dollars • Democracy • Deity and Social Darwinism

  3. Destiny • Manifest Destiny in early 1800s vs. late 1800s • Where? • Why?

  4. Belief: • Three domestic concerns led the U.S. to expand global interests: • Industrial Expansion • Western Settlement • Growth of Federal Government • How do these (and other factors) lead to U.S. Imperialism?

  5. Industrial Expansion • Aspects affecting imperialist tendencies: • Business Cycles • Alternating cycles of prosperity and recession caused overproduction • International Investment Capital • Foreign concerns invested $3 billion in U.S. Economy • Desire to expand markets • Favorable shift in balance of trade • Standard Oil Example • Few exports in 1880 • 1890: controlled 70% of world market

  6. Western Settlement • West settled with promise of overseas markets for surplus crops • Euro demand for U.S. crops drops after 1880 • Farmers forced to seek new markets for their products

  7. Defense Alfred Thayer Mahan – The Influence of Sea Power on History What was his argument in this book?

  8. Defense • “Big Sister” Policy • James Blaine’s idea • Better relations with Latin American = more ?? • 1889- 1st Pan-American Conference • What was the purpose of this meeting?

  9. Revitalized Navy • By 1880s in shambles • Recovery from depression of 1873 • More money to build modern navy • Realization that U.S. Navy was worst in world • Concern: unprepared if conflict erupted • Alfred Thayer Mahan • Surplus production requires commercial colonies • Oceans should be highways, not barriers • A powerful navy is essential for commerce

  10. Dollars • Americans wanted new markets to sell their goods and new sources of resources • What made this possible? American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

  11. Democracy • U.S. wanted to support the growth of democracies around the world Deity • Desire to spread their religious beliefs to others • Reverend Josiah Strong and Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis • What was this book about? • What was the mission for Americans?

  12. Deity • Social Darwinism – what was this? • What was the role of the U.S. in the world? In society? The Hierarchyof Race The White Man’sBurden

  13. “The Missionary Factor” • Premises: • Soul saving and profit making go together • Industry learned about foreign markets from missionaries • Dole (Hawaii Pineapple Co.) and Hawaii • Government protection/International Agreements • More American missionaries=need to protect them • Faith in destiny of Christianity to conquer the world

  14. THE US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER What is happening in this cartoon?

  15. THE US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER • Alaska: 1866/1896 • HAWAII: 1898 • MIDWAY ISLAND: 1867 • WAKE ISLAND: 1898 • GUAM: 1898 • JOHNSTON ISLAND: 1898 • PALMYRA ISLAND: 1898 • SAMOA ISLAND: 1899 • PHILIPPINES: 1898 • PUERTO RICO: 1898 What is happening in this cartoon?

  16. Imperialistic Ideas • The nation needed more markets for its goods • John Hay’s Open Door Policy • open access to China for American investment and commercial interests • bolstered American commercial interests in China • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Direct cause - American fear that financial instability in the Dominican Republic would lead to European intervention • Expanded America’s role in Central America and the Caribbean • Intervening in Latin America nations that could not pay their debts to European creditors

  17. OPEN DOORPOLICY

  18. Spanish American War-1898 • Yellow Journalism (William R. Hearst) • Sensational news stories stirred the anger of the American public • 1898-Battleship Maine explodes in Cuban harbor: 250+ Amer. soldiers die • Leads to Spanish-American War • U.S. wins gains territory • Territories gained • Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines

  19. Yellow journalists were quick to blame the Spanish

  20. Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!

  21. Latin American felt bullied • “Bad Neighbor” policy

  22. Debate • American Imperialism: Should the United States become an imperialist power by keeping the Philippine Islands?

  23. Manifest Destiny: Is overseas expansion, and therefore control of the Philippines, part of the inevitable manifest destiny of the United States?

  24. Democracy: Would ruling another nation be compatible with basic American ideals of democracy and self-government?

  25. Economic Benefit: Is acquiring the Philippines essential for America’s economic health and future trade with Asia?

  26. Race: Should the dark skinned Filipinos be brought under the rule of the white skinned race?

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