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What is the evidence for evolution? (Chapter 21) Observations of evolution and Artifical selection Fossils Anatomi

What is the evidence for evolution? (Chapter 21) Observations of evolution and Artifical selection Fossils Anatomic evidence. Question. Observations of evolution Peppered moths -- Industrial melanism -- and its reversal. Other Examples Corn ( ~ 9 K yrs )

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What is the evidence for evolution? (Chapter 21) Observations of evolution and Artifical selection Fossils Anatomi

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  1. What is the evidence for evolution? • (Chapter 21) • Observations of evolution and • Artifical selection • Fossils • Anatomic evidence Question Evolution II

  2. Observations of evolution Peppered moths -- Industrial melanism -- and its reversal Evolution II

  3. Other Examples • Corn ( ~ 9 K yrs ) • Banana moths in Hawaii (1000 yrs) • Faroe Island house mouse (250 yrs) • Copapod of the Salton Sea, CA (30 yrs) • Drosophila paulistorum (a few yrs in a lab) Evolution II

  4. Ambulocetus natans (c. 50 Ma) – which means "walking whale that swims Paleontology What does the fossil record show? Extinct life forms Sequential appearance of derived characteristics Transitional forms What are some limitations of the fossil record? Habitat Geologic disruption Soft-bodied organisms Question Evolution II

  5. How are fossils dated? • Principle of “superposition” • -- relative dating • Radioisotope dating (absolute dating) • half-life • 14C  14N-- 5,730 years • (useful to ~ 60K yrs BP) • 234U  230TH, ~ 80,000 years • 40K  40Ar~ 1.3 Billion yrs Question Evolution II

  6. Anatomical evidence What type of evidence does anatomy reveal? Derived traits have similar anatomy “homologous structures” But “Convergent evolution’ occurs independent evolution “analogous structures” Why does this occur? Distinguishing homologous and analogous traits is not always easy A platypus has fur, a bill, webbed feet, and lays eggs Question Evolution II

  7. Anatomical Evidence, con’t. What does this mean: “Ontogeny reciprocates Phylogeny”? Ernst Haekel’s original data is somewhat flawed What are vestigial structures? What are vestigial genes? -- gene for stripes in horses -- genes for teeth in birds See Wikipedia for other cool examples http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestigial Human coccyx Evolution II

  8. Anatomical Evidence, con’t. Intelligent design – not! Human pelvis External Testis Eye? Why? Human coccyx Evolution II

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