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Fertility

Fertility . Measurement Stylized Facts Determinants. Measurement. Crude birth rate: CBR = births/pop (000s). Measurement (cont). Total fertility rate:. Age-Specific Fertility Rates. Mean Age at Childbearing. Calculation. II. Stylized Facts.

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Fertility

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  1. Fertility • Measurement • Stylized Facts • Determinants

  2. Measurement Crude birth rate: CBR = births/pop (000s)

  3. Measurement (cont) Total fertility rate:

  4. Age-Specific Fertility Rates

  5. Mean Age at Childbearing • Calculation

  6. II. Stylized Facts • In the West fertility decline began in the 18th and 19th Centuries and was relatively gradual. • In the developing world births declined later but faster. CBR chart. • Fertility decline has resulted from both a decline in marital fertility and a rise in marriage ages.

  7. II. Stylized Facts (cont) • Most Western countries experienced a sustained post-World War II baby boom. For US baby boom was 1946-1964. • The connection between fertility and GNP/N was relatively weak in the past but less so now.

  8. III. Determinants • Supply factors Age at marriage Age at onset of menarche (nutrition) Social and cultural factors

  9. III. Determinants (cont) • Demand factors Value of children income effects child labor old age support Cost of children direct opportunity cost child mortality

  10. III. Determinants (cont) • Control Contraceptive knowledge Contraceptive technology and cost • Other Child mortality (replacement)

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