LIE DETECTION SYSTEMS

1. LIE DETECTION SYSTEMS THEORY AND OPERATING PRINCIPLES

2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

3. Polygraph-Biometrical Measurements • 1. Cardiovascular (heart beat, blood pressure) • 2. Respiration • 3. Galvanic • 4. Brain Waves • 5. Muscular Contractions

4. BIOMETRICAL LINEAR GRAPHS-POLYGRAPH • 1.- • 2.- • 3.- • 4.- • 5. EXTREMELY SUBJECTIVE GRAPHS TO INTERPRET

5. THE “INCONCLUSIVE” PHENOMENOM, MONOPOLY OF EXAMINER, VOLUNTARY EXTERNAL EFFECTS • Inconclusivity • Danger of a single analyst • The “thumb tack” effect

6. V. S. A.

7. EXCESSIVE STRESS: Low level detection from the Voice

8. VSA • “Excessive” Stress • Micro-Tremors in vocal chords – LIPPOLD effect in the 8-12Hz range- • Normal voice range 90-200Hz-

9. POLYGRAPH Invasive method It cannot be applied without the knowledge of the subject Cannot be used over a phone line Cannot analyze previous interrogations Inconclusive results More costly Analysis only in one location (one on one) VSA Non-Invasive method It can be applied without the knowledge of the subject Can be usedover a phone line Can be used with previos recordings No inconclusive results Less costly Can conduct analysis in multiple locations VSA-LIE DETECTION IN INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES

10. VSA G3 Voice Stress Analyzer

11. VSA MARK-2000 Voice Stress Analyzer (earlier model)

12. VSA 15 HandheldVoice Stress Analyzer (earlier model)

13. Answer the following questions: 1. How do you know that the person you are hiring is not or has not been involved in fraud, extortion, selling of company information, or is on the borderline of the law? 2. How do you know that your employees are conducting their functions properly and are not involved in criminal circles?

14. Answer the following questions: 3. In cases of missing money, false currency, alteration of information, and fraud… How do you determine who is involved? Is it only one person or a group or gang? Is someone in your company leaking information?

15. Answer the following questions: 4. How do you determine if critical processes within your company are conducted properly? 5. Have you had the need to evaluate an employee because you have certain suspicions? 6. How do you evaluate an employee that you do not see? That is not in front of you? Who is in another city or country?

16. VSA – Working Principle • By analyzing micro-tremors in the vocal chords of spoken responses to specificquestions of concern. • Thissubconsciousreactioncannot be controlled, especiallywhenthequestioningis done by a trainedexpert.

17. VSA

18. VSA - Applications • PersonnelSelection. • Investigations. • Frauds • Robbery • Loss of Information • Audits and control of Personnel in critical positions.

19. VSA - Advantages • The analysis can be conducted: • In person – even without the subject’s knowledge. • Via telephone lines. • With recent or older recordings. • In remote locations with the subject away from the VSA unit.

20. VSA - Advantages • Multiple analysis from different locations simultaneously • Visual record is possible with covert camera • Numerical read-out • No inconclusive results • Immediate results • Print-out of the results

21. VSA - Users • Police Departments in the USA: • More than 1000 –More than 2,200 trained users -California (120) -Florida (106) -Missouri (103) • Ohio (101) Indiana (76) -North Carolina (40) -Georgia (30) -New York (35) -Wisconsin (25) • New Jersey (23) -Louisiana (20) -Maryland and Minnesota (15) • 17 Police Schools

22. VSA - Users Police Departments of St. Louis, Miami, Cincinnati, Fairbanks, AK, PD, Prescott, AZ, PD, New Orleans PD, Washington, D.C., Metropolitan, Raleigh, Baltimore, New Mexico State Police, Arizona Dept. of Public Safety, Pittsburgh, Minneapolis, Orlando, Fort Lauderdale and the California Highway Patrol.

23. VSA - Users • Insurancecompanies • International groups • Privateinvestigationcompanies • Casinos • MovingCompanies • Armored Cash TransportGroups

25. VSA – Technical Characteristics • Digital technology of themostadvancedfidelity in recording • Printerfor record keeping • Automaticinternalpowersource 110/220 volts • Selectiveon-board audio source to external line-in • Wireless capacityfor audio and video applications

26. VSA - Service • Analysis and evaluation of the specifc situation. • Preparation of questionnaires for each specific subject. • Preliminary interview with each subject. • Detailed interrogation with each subject using the VSA Mark-2000 unit. • Second interrogation with the VSA Mark-2000 for subjects of high interest. • Report, observations, and suggestions after analysis of results.

27. VSA - Source • Homeland Security Strategies and HSS Development • Recognizedworld leader in thedesign, manufacturing and implementation of themostadvancedtechnology in specializedsecurity, intelligence, counterintelligence, personal protection, and antiterrorism. • www.secintel.com • www.bombjammer.com • www.cellularintercept.com

29. VSA-PREPARATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE • CONTROL QUESTIONS • QUESTIONS OF NO RELEVANCE • QUESTIONS OF RELEVANCE • S. K. Y.-

30. CONTROL QUESTIONS • Are questions to which we know what is the truthful answer and are used to calibrate the base line level of stress of each subject being interrogated: “Is your name John Smith?”, “Are we in Miami?”, “Were you born in London?”, “Is your wife’s name Jane?”, etc.

31. QUESTIONS OF NO RELEVANCE • The purpose of these questions is to create a psychological imbalance on a subject who is “prepared” on what to answer to expected questions: “In the last 24 hours, did you attend the hotel gym?”, “Were you at the 8th street McDonald’s this morning between 8:00 and 8:30AM?”, etc.

32. Relevant Questions • These are the questions of interest in the investigation and we need to use the technique called“S.K.Y.” • S- K - Y • U - N - O • S - O - U • P - W • E • C • T

33. VSA-APPLICATIONS • IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SUBJECT • BY TELEPHONE LINK • BY E-MAIL • WITH RECORDINGS • WITH COVERT AUDIO DEVICES

34. Questions? • Homeland Security Strategies • Thank you for your interest in the 3rd Generation VSA G3