Why do the two different types of source regio n matter? Tell-tail signs:

1. IMF source region properties are one of the governing factor for elemental composition variation in gradual SEP events

2. Why do the two different types of source region matter? Tell-tail signs: • Microflares enrich suprathermal seed population?-- concentrated in active regions only (Christe et al. 2008)-- depend on intrinsic properties of the AR – B field strength and configuration, emerging field activity • Quiet time suprathemals have higher Fe/O and O/C during solar maximum years (Dayeh et al. 2009) • Extended 3He periods in slow wind and associate with open field near active regions (Kocharov et al. 2008) • Solar observations: higher B, larger heating rate, higher Te, higher FIP bias, more frequent flare/transient activities • Look into variations in the source regions -- • density – how much are available out there? • coronal field configuration at and above the eruption site – CME speed, Alfven speed, shock geometry – SEP acceleration • mechanisms that produce seed particles • Solar wind heating/acceleration • reconnection events, small (microflares) and large (pre-events)

3. Backup slides

4. 2005/05/06, AR field-source 2005/07/27, CH field-sources 2003/05/28, AR field-source 2005/01/15, CH field-source

7. Tell-tale signs Microflares enrich suprathermal seed population?-- concentrated in active regions-- depend on intrinsic properties of the AR? – B field strength, emerging field activity Christe et al. 2008

8. Tell-tale signs • Quiet time suprathemals have higher Fe/O and O/C during solar maximum years • Extended 3He periods in slow wind and associate with open field near active regions • Solar observations: higher B, larger heating rate, higher Te, higher FIP bias, more frequent flare/transient activities

9. heating, acceleration to suprathermal energies by waves, Turbulence, reconnection ……. from solar magnetic field suprathermal particles shock acceleration, Transport, ??? SEPs