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Exodus c. 1450? 1250? BC

Exodus c. 1450? 1250? BC. “The Departure” (from Egypt) Jacob (Israel) had 12 sons, progenitors of 12 tribes of Israel Joseph sold to Egyptian slavers by brothers, interprets Pharaoh’s dream, saves Egypt and others from famine Hebrews settle in Egypt, made slaves, multiply

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Exodus c. 1450? 1250? BC

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  1. Exodus c. 1450? 1250? BC • “The Departure” (from Egypt) • Jacob (Israel) had 12 sons, progenitors of 12 tribes of Israel • Joseph sold to Egyptian slavers by brothers, interprets Pharaoh’s dream, saves Egypt and others from famine • Hebrews settle in Egypt, made slaves, multiply • Moses escapes order to kill male Hebrew children, adopted by Princess of Egypt but but raised by Hebrew mother • Moses shows loyalties by killing taskmaster beating slave, forced to flee Egypt

  2. Exodus • Moses, settles down, marries, meets God in burning Bush • What is your name? (Which god are you?) • “I am” = play on the name Yahweh. • The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob • Moses reluctant • Poor public speaker - brother Aaron will do the talking • Miracles for credibility

  3. The Ten Plagues • Makes Pharaoh let the Israelites go • God hardens Pharaoh’s heart so he can pour out full measure of his wrath • Demonstrates Yahweh’s power and spreads his Name • Loot • Last Plague = Angel of death, kills firstborn • Escape across parted Red Sea, Pharaoh & army drowned when waters close • Song of Moses • Yahweh is a Man of War • Who is like you, O Yahweh, among the gods?

  4. Passover • Named from Angel of death “passing over” Hebrew houses • Celebration of the Exodus from Egypt • Defining event - God as deliverer • “I am Yahweh, your God, who brought you out of Egypt” • Passover Lamb - blood on doorposts protected from Angel of Death • Unleavened bread - haste • Bitter Herbs - slavery

  5. Passover • Originally eaten in haste, dressed to travel, bloody doorposts Modernizations • Other boiled meat (lamb substitute) • Pebbly mixture of walnuts, apples, cinnamon, wine - mortar of slaves • Vegetables - parsley, celery or potato dipped in salt water (tears) • Roasted Egg - mourns destruction of temple where special Passover sacrifice made • Find the matza game for kids, gifts

  6. Amalekite Ambush • Attack from the rear, where old, sick, defenseless are • God promises revenge, carries out 400 years later under Saul

  7. The Ten Commandments • Not the only commandments, just really important ones • Engraved on tablet’s by God • Originals destroyed by Moses, replacement set put in Ark of the Covenant

  8. The Ten Commandments • No other gods • No idols • Don’t misuse “Yahweh” • Sabbath (no work on Saturday) • Honor parents • No murder • No adulery • No stealing • No perjury • No coveting (only internal attitude)

  9. The Ark of the Covenant • Written on 2 stone tablet’s by God’s finger • Replacement set put in ark • Only priests could cary

  10. 40 Years in the Wilderness • Caleb’s recon mission • Faithless Israelites • Moses loses his temper • Miriam struck with leprosey - why? • Blessings and Cursings

  11. Kosher • Large land animals • Split or cloven hooves • Chew the cud • Fish • Gills, fins and scales • No shellfish! • Birds: No predatory birds scavengers

  12. Yom KippurThe Day of Atonement • Sacrificial goat • Scapegoat (Azazel) • Excess sins transferred from people to priest to goat, who is driven into the desert • Today: Time of repentance, reflection, resolution to do better in the coming year

  13. The Invasion of Canaan • Why is Canaan the “Promised Land”? • The “Ban” • Achan’s Sin • Moral Implications

  14. Samson • Judge of renowned strength • Nazarite Vow • Weakness: Foreign Women • The Woman of Timnah - Philistine

  15. Samson • Interracial marriage was interfaith marriage • When you marry a foreigner, you marry her gods • Samson & Solomon shared same weakness

  16. Samson • The Sovereignty and Providence of God: Yahweh uses human weakness to accomplish his purposes • “…for Yahweh sought an opportunity against the Philistines”

  17. Samson • Nazarite vow • The lion and the riddle • “Out of the eater came something to eat; out of the strong came something sweet.” • Philistine extortion, cheating, fiance conspires against him, marries best man • Samson wages one-man war against the Philistines.

  18. Delilah • Another Philistine • No marriage plans this time • Nags him night and day for the secret of his strength • Samson finally betrayed, hair cut in his sleep

  19. The Capture of Samson - Reubens

  20. Samson • Eyes put out • Chained between pillars at Temple of Dagon • Samson “killed more Philistines in death, than he did in life”

  21. The Monarchy • Under Judges Israel was a loose confederation of tribes • Secular explanation: no united military defense, no standing army • Religious explanation: God was punishing them for worshiping idols

  22. Saul • First King - tall, charismatic, good commander, but insubordinate • Makes a sacrifice reserved for Levites (Priests) • Botches the Amalekite genocide • Resorts to necromancy (séance to bring up Samuel) • Commits suicide, body mutilated, cremated

  23. David • Good King, makes Saul look like a false start • Promised an everlasting Kingdom, model for the Messiah • Sin with Bathsheba results in personal and political consequences • Nathan’s parable of the pet lamb

  24. Solomon • Asks God for wisdom, given riches as well • Weakness for foreign women, builds temples to their gods • Because of his Father, retains Kingdom, but his son loses it • 922 B.C. Israel split into Northern and Southern Kingdoms

  25. The Divided Kingdom • Secular explanation: Reheboam’s rash threats, regional conflicts and resentment over Solomon’s building projects • “My little finger is thicker than my father’s loins!” • Religious explanation for split: God is punishing Solomon for idolotry

  26. Successive Conquest • The Split of the Kingdom into the Northern and Southern Kingdoms in 922 B.C. • Israel falls to the Assyrians in 722 B.C. • Judah falls to the Babylonians in 587 B.C. • The Babylonian Captivity • Temple system and sacrifice less important • Emphasis on study of scripture and prayer on Sabbath at local house of worship (synagogue) • Importance of Teacher schooled in Scripture & Tradtion (Rabbi)

  27. Successive Conquest • The Persians Defeat the Babylonians, Jews return to Judah, rebuild Jerusalem • The Greek Conquest and Maccabean Revolt • Hanukkah • Roman Rule • Rebellion and the Diaspora 70, 130 A.D. • The Holocaust and Restoration of Israel in 1948

  28. Other Themes of the Tanakh • Life After Death • The Messiah • Job and the Problem of Evil

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